Child Abuse

SUBJECT: SOCIOLOGY
UNIT: VII
TOPIC: CHILD ABUSE
HOURS: 1
P.B.B.Sc. II YEAR
Submitted By
Mr. Rahul Meena
Lecturer
Community Health Nursing
Chirayu College of Nursing, Bhopal
Objectives
► At the end of the class students will be able to:
1. Introduce the Child Abuse
2. Define the Child Abuse
3. Explain the types of Child Abuse
4. Explain the influences of substance abuse
5. Describe the components of Child Abuse
6. Explain the stressors associated with parents
7. Enumerate the prevention of Child Abuse
DEFINITION
The terms child abuse and child maltreatment are

often used interchangeably, but some researchers
make a distinction between them, treating child
maltreatment as an umbrella term to cover
neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.
Is this child abuse?
1. A girl is slapped for screaming at her mother; the slap stings, but leaves
no lasting mark or pain.
2. A boy is punished in a way that requires stitches.
3. A father burns his daughter’s palms with a lighted cigarette when he

finds her smoking.
4. A mother is careless and spills scalding coffee on her daughter, who is

seriously burned.
5. A boy’s arm is broken after wrestling with his father for sport.
6. A girl is spanked so hard she is badly bruised, but the father says he did
not mean to hurt her.
7. A boy is grounded for a week for a minor offense.
8. A father takes away his son’s driver’s license for getting a parking
ticket.
Types of Child Abuse
Neglect – 63%
Physical – 19%
Sexual – 10%
Emotional – 8%
Physical Abuse
non-accidental injury of a child that leaves marks, scars,
bruises, or broken bones.
Behavioral indicators of physical abuse:
wary of physical contact with
Physical indicators: adults, behavioral extremes
unexplained bruises, (aggressive or withdrawn),
burns, human bites, broken frightened of parents, afraid to
bones, missing hair, go home, cheating, stealing,
scratches. lying (a sign that expectations
in the home are too high),
layered clothing.
Emotional Abuse
 Parental behavior, such as rejecting, terrorizing, berating,
ignoring, or isolating a child, that causes, or is likely to cause,
serious impairment of the physical, social, mental, or emotional
capacities of the child.
 Physical indicators of emotional abuse: speech disorders, lags in

physical development, failure to thrive.
 Behavioral indicators of emotional abuse: habit disorders (sucking,

biting, rocking), conduct disorders (withdrawal, destructiveness,
cruelty), sleep disorders or inhibition of play, behavior extremes
(aggressive or passive).
Neglect
– failure of parents or caretakers to provide needed, age
appropriate care including food, clothing, shelter,
protection from harm, and supervision appropriate to
the child’s development, hygiene, and medical care.
 Physical indicators of neglect: constant hunger, poor
hygiene, excessive sleepiness, lack of appropriate
supervision, unattended physical problems or medical
needs, abandonment, inappropriate clothing fro weather
conditions.
 Behavioral indicators of neglect: begging or stealing
food, frequent sleepiness, lack of appropriate
supervision, unattended physical problem or medical
needs, abandonment, inappropriate clothing for weather
conditions.
Sexual Abuse
 – any inappropriate sexual exposure or touch by an adult to a child or an
older child to a younger child. This includes, but is not limited to:
fondling, sexual intercourse, sexual assault, rape, date rape, incest, child
prostitution, exposure, and pornography. It does not matter whether the
victim was forced or tricked into any of the above, it is considered sexual
abuse by the state of Utah.
 Physical indicators of sexual abuse: difficulty in walking or sitting,
torn, stained, or bloody underclothing, pain or itching in genital area,
bruises or bleeding in rectal/genital area, venereal disease.
 Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse: age-inappropriate sexual
knowledge/sexual touch, abrupt change in personality, withdrawn, poor
peer relationships, unwilling to change for gym or participate in physical
activities, promiscuous behavior/seductive behavior, drop in school
performance/decline in school interest, sleep disturbances, regressive
behavior (i.e., bed wetting).
Sexual Assault of Children
 Convicted rape and sexual assault offenders serving
time in state prisons report that two-thirds of their
victims were under the age of 18.
 Among rape victims less than 12 years of age, 90%

of the children knew the offender, according to
police-recorded incident data.
 Frequently, the person who sexually molests a child is

also a child.
Influence of Substance Abuse
 Nearly one-half of substantiated cases of child
neglect and abuse are associated with parental alcohol
or drug abuse.
 It is estimated that one in every four children in the

United States (28 million) are living in a household
with an alcoholic adult.
 Men and women serving time in the nation’s prisons

and jails report a higher incidence of abuse as
children that the general populations.
Three major components
of child abuse
Child
+
Care Giver
+
Stress
=
Child Abuse
STRESSORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CHILD
► An unwanted child
► A child that is different Handicapped A crying,

irritable child
► A hyperactive child
► A child that reminds the parent or someone they

do not like
► A low birth-weight child
STRESSORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
PARENT:
► Abused as a child ► Emotional immaturity
► Single parent ► Postpartum depression
► Spouse is gone much of the ► Unrealistic expectations
time ► Stress of unemployment
► Divorce ► Financial stress
► Alcohol or other drugs. ► Other stresses of any kind.
► Low self-esteem ► Mental illness
► Isolation
► Husband uninvolved and
critical
Prevention
Never discipline your child when your anger is out of control.
Participate in your child’s activities and get to know your child’s
friends.
Never leave your child unattended, especially in the car.
Teach your child the difference between “good touches,” “bad
touches” and “confusing touches.”
When your child tells you he or she doesn’t want to be with
someone, this could be a red flag. Listen to them and believe what
they say.
Be aware of changes in your child’s behavior or attitude, and inquire
into it.
Teach your child what to do if you and your child become separated
while away from home.
Teach your child the correct names of his/her private body parts.
Be alert for any talk that reveals premature sexual understanding.
Pay attention when someone shows greater than normal interest in
your child.
Make certain your child’s school or day care center will release
him/her only to you or someone you officially designate.
Reporting of Abuse
► Approximately 3 million reports of possible maltreatment are
made to child protective service agencies each year. In calendar
year 2000, these referrals concerned the welfare of
approximately 5 million children.
► The actual incidence of abuse and neglect is estimated to the

three times greater than the number reported to authorities.
► Child abuse is reported – on average – every 10 seconds.
► An estimated 879,000 victims of maltreatment were

substantiated after investigation by child protective service
agencies in 2000.
► Nine in 10 Americans polled regard child abuse as a serious

problem, yet only 1 in 3 reported abuse when confronted with an
actual situation.
Teacher References
 SHARMA PREM (SECOND EDITION, 2019). INTRODUCTION TO
SOCIOLOGY FOR B.SC. NURSING STUDENTS; JALANDHAR
PUNJAB: LOTUS PUBLISHERS.
 CLEMENT A LAN (FIRST EDITION). A TEXTBOOK OF
“SOCIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN NURSING”. HYDERABAD:
JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD.
 ANTHIKAD JACOB (SECOND EDITION, 2014). SOCIOLOGY FOR
GRADUATE NURSES. NEW DELHI: JAYPEE BROTHERS
MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD
Student References
 SHARMA PREM (SECOND EDITION, 2019).
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY FOR B.SC.
NURSING STUDENTS; JALANDHAR PUNJAB:
LOTUS PUBLISHERS.
 CLEMENT A LAN (FIRST EDITION). A
TEXTBOOK OF “SOCIOLOGICAL
IMPLICATIONS IN NURSING”. HYDERABAD:
JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS
(P) LTD.

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SUBJECT: SOCIOLOGY

The terms child abuse and child maltreatment are

2. A boy is punished in a way that requires stitches.

3. A father burns his daughter’s palms with a lighted cigarette when he

4. A mother is careless and spills scalding coffee on her daughter, who is

7. A boy is grounded for a week for a minor offense.

 Physical indicators of emotional abuse: speech disorders, lags in

 Behavioral indicators of emotional abuse: habit disorders (sucking,

 Among rape victims less than 12 years of age, 90%

 Frequently, the person who sexually molests a child is

 It is estimated that one in every four children in the

 Men and women serving time in the nation’s prisons

► A child that is different Handicapped A crying,

► A child that reminds the parent or someone they

► The actual incidence of abuse and neglect is estimated to the

► Child abuse is reported – on average – every 10 seconds.

► An estimated 879,000 victims of maltreatment were

► Nine in 10 Americans polled regard child abuse as a serious

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