Introduction to Raspberry Pi

RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGNEERING

GUIDE NAME : PROF. DEVASHRI RAICH

ATHARVA KHARCHE
AYUSH JAKKULWAR
ATHARVA KARGIRWAR
AYUSH DHANDE
ANJALI PUNDE
VAISHNAVI MOHURLE
GUNJAN MAHAKALKAR
 What is Raspberry Pi?
• The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board
computers developed in the United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching
of basic computer science in schools and in
developing countries.
• The original model became far more popular than
anticipated, selling outside of its target market for
uses such as robot ics.
• Over 5 million Raspberry Pis have been sold before
February 2015, making it the best-selling British
computer. By November 2016 they had sold 11
million units.
 The Timeline
• The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released
in February 2012. It was followed by a simpler and
inexpensive model Model A.
• In 2014, the foundation released a board with an improved
design in Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. These boards are
approximately credit-card sized and represent the
standard mainline form-factor.
• Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year lat er. A
"compute module" was released in April 2014 for embedded
applications, and a Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and
reduced input/output (I/O) and general-purpose
input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in November
2015 for US$5.
 Features
• All models feature a Broadcom system on a chip
(SoC), which includes an ARM compatible
central processing unit (CPU) and an on-chip
graphics processing unit (GPU, a VideoCore
IV).
• CPU speed ranges f rom 700 MHz t o 1.2 GHz
f or the Pi 3 and on board memory range from
256 MB t o 1 GB RAM.
• Secure Digital (SD) cards are used to store the
operating system and program memory in
either t he SDHC or MicroSDHC sizes.
 Operating System
• The Foundation provides Raspbian, a Debian-
based Linux distribution f or download, as
well as third party Ubuntu, Windows 10 IOT
Core, RISC OS, and specialised media
cent er distributions.
• It promot es Python and Scrat ch as the main
programming language, with support for
many other languages.
• The default firmware is closed source, while
an unofficial open source is available.
 Hardware
• This block diagram depicts Models A, B, A+, and B+.
Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero lack t he Ethernet and USB
hub components.
• The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to
an addit ional USB port .
• In Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero, the USB port is
connected directly to the system on a chip (SoC). On the
Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip
contains a five- point USB hub, of which four ports are
available, while the Pi 1 Model B only provides two.
• On the Pi Zero, the USB port is also connected directly
to t he SoC, but it uses a micro USB (OTG) port .
 Processor
• The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation
Raspberry Pi is somewhat equivalent to the chip used in first
modern generat ion smar tphones (it s CPU is an older ARMv6
archit ecture), which includes a 700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S processor,
VideoCore IV graphics processing unit (GPU), and RAM.
• It has a level 1 (L1) cache of 16 KB and a level 2 (L2) cache of 128
KB. The level 2 cache is used primarily by the GPU. The SoC is
stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible.
• The Raspberry Pi 2 uses a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900
MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB
shared L2 cache.
• The Raspberry Pi 3 uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz
64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared
L2 cache
 Performance
• The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core Cortex-A53
processor, is described as 10 t imes t he perf ormance of a
Raspberry Pi
1.This was suggested to be highly dependent upon task
threading and instruction set use. Benchmarks showed
the Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than
the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelized tasks.
• Raspberry Pi 2 includes a quad-core Cort ex-A7 CPU
running at 900 MHz and 1 GB RAM. It is described as 4–6
times more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU is
identical to the original. In parallelized benchmarks, the
Raspberry Pi 2 could be up to 14 times faster than a
Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.
 Networking
• The Model A, A+ and Pi Zero have no Ethernet
circuitry and are commonly connected t o a network
using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-
Fi adapter.
• On the Model B and B+ the Ethernet port is provided by
a built-in USB Ethernet adapter using the SMSC
LAN9514 chip.
• The Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi Zero W (wireless) are
equipped with 2.4 GHz WiFi 802.11n (150 Mbit/s) and
Bluetooth 4.1 (24 Mbit/s) based on Broadcom
BCM43438 FullMAC chip with no official support for
Monitor mode but implemented through unofficial
firmware patching and t he Pi 3 also has a 10/100
Ethernet port .
 Peripherals
• The Raspberry Pi may be operated with
any generic USB computer keyboard
and mouse.
• It may also be used wit h USB storage,
USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any
other device/ component wit h USB
capabilit ies.
• Other peripherals can be attached
through the various pins and connectors
on the surface of the Raspberry Pi.
 Operating Systems
• The Raspberry Pi Foundation
recommends the use of Raspbian, a
Debian-based Linux operating system.
• Other third party operating systems
available via the official website include
Ubuntu MATE, Snappy Ubuntu Core,
Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS and
specialised distributions for the Kodi
media center and classroom
management.
 Linux Based Operating Systems
• Android Things
• Arch Linux
• OpenSuse
• Raspberry Pi Fedora
Remix
• Pidora
• Gentoo Linux
• CentOS Raspberry Pi
• Kali Linux
• Slackware ARM
• Puppy Linux
 Other Operating Systems
• RISC OS Pi
• FreeBSD
• NetBSD
• Windows 10 IOT
Core
• Haiku
• HelenOS
 Community
• The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie
Ayre of FLOSS software company AdaCore as one of
the most exciting parts of the project.
• Community blogger Russell Davis said that the
community strength allows the Foundation to
concentrate on documentation and teaching.
• The community developed a fanzine around the platform
called The MagPi which in 2015, was handed over to the
Raspberry Pi Foundation by its volunteers to be
continued in-house.
• A series of community Raspberry Jam events have
been held across t he UK and around t he world
 History
• In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on
the Atmel ATmega644 microcontroller. Its schematics and
PCB layout are publicly available.
• Foundation trustee Eben Upton assembled a group of
teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a
computer to inspire children.
• The computer is inspired by Acorn's BBC Micro of 1981.
• The Model A, Model B and Model B+ names are references
to the original models of the British educat ional BBC Micro
computer, developed by Acorn Computers.
• The first ARM prototype version of the computer was
mounted in a package the same size as a USB memory stick. It
had a USB port on one end and an HDMI port on the other.
Raspberry Pi Zero
Raspberry Pi Model A
Raspberry Pi Model 3 B
 Accessories
• Camera – On 14 May 2013, the foundation and the distributors RS
Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi
camera board alongside a firmware update to accommodate it. The camera
board is shipped with a flexible flat cable that plugs into the CSI connector
which is located between the Ethernet and HDMI ports.
• Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned device, designed for
educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow
interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analog signals, sensors and
other devices. It also includes an optional Arduino compatible controller to
interface with the Pi.
• Infrared Camera – In October 2013, the foundation announced that they
would begin producing a camera module without an infrared filter, called
the Pi NoIR.
• HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards – Together with the
Model B+, inspired by the Arduino shield boards, the interface for HAT
boards was devised by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.
THANK YOU