Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    4

    Uploaded by

    rashidrahmanktk3
    Visceral pain from the GI tract typically occurs in three main regions: (1) the epigastric region corresponding to the T3-T5 nerve distribution; (2) the periumbilical region corresponding to the T10 nerve distribution; and (3) the lower midabdominal or hypogastrium region corresponding to the T10 to L2 nerve distribution. Pain from different regions of the GI tract can radiate to the back in a pattern corresponding to the spinal nerve level of the involved region.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    4

    Uploaded by

    rashidrahmanktk3
    21 views14 pages
    Visceral pain from the GI tract typically occurs in three main regions: (1) the epigastric region corresponding to the T3-T5 nerve distribution; (2) the periumbilical region corresponding to the T10 nerve distribution; and (3) the lower midabdominal or hypogastrium region corresponding to the T10 to L2 nerve distribution. Pain from different regions of the GI tract can radiate to the back in a pattern corresponding to the spinal nerve level of the involved region.

    Original Description:

    dieases treatments

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Visceral pain from the GI tract typically occurs in three main regions: (1) the epigastric region corresponding to the T3-T5 nerve distribution; (2) the periumbilical region corresponding to the T10 nerve distribution; and (3) the lower midabdominal or hypogastrium region corresponding to the T10 to L2 nerve distribution. Pain from different regions of the GI tract can radiate to the back in a pattern corresponding to the spinal nerve level of the involved region.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views14 pages

    4

    Uploaded by

    rashidrahmanktk3
    Visceral pain from the GI tract typically occurs in three main regions: (1) the epigastric region corresponding to the T3-T5 nerve distribution; (2) the periumbilical region corresponding to the T10 nerve distribution; and (3) the lower midabdominal or hypogastrium region corresponding to the T10 to L2 nerve distribution. Pain from different regions of the GI tract can radiate to the back in a pattern corresponding to the spinal nerve level of the involved region.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    Primary GI Visceral Pain Patterns

    Visceral pain: (1) the epigastric region corresponding to T3-T5


    sympathetic nerve distribution; (2) the periumbilical region (T10
    sympathetic nerve distribution); the umbilicus is level with the disc
    located between the L3 and L4 vertebral bodies in the adult who is not
    overweight; and (3) the lower midabdominal or hypogastrium region
    (T10 to L2 sympathetic nerve distribution).
    Peptic Ulcer
    Clinical Signs and Symptoms
    – "Heartburn" or epigastric pain aggravated by food (gastric ulcer);
    relieved by food, milk, antacids, or vomiting (duodenal ulcer)
    – Night pain (12 midnight to 3:00 a.m.)-same relief as for epigastric
    pain (duodenal ulcer)
    – Radiating back pain
    – Stomach pain
    – Right shoulder pain (rare)
    – Lightheadedness or fainting
    – Nausea
    – Vomiting
    – Anorexia
    – Weight loss
    – Bloody stools
    – Black, tarry stools
    Gastroesophageal Reflux
    Disease (GERD)
    Clinical Signs and Symptoms
    • Typical Symptoms
    – Heartburn
    – Regurgitation with bitter taste in mouth
    – Belching
    • Atypical Symptoms
    – Chest pain unrelated to activity
    – Sensation of a lump in the throat
    – Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
    – Painful swallowing (odynophagia)
    – Wheezing, coughing, hoarseness
    – Asthma
    – Sore throat, laryngitis
    – Weight loss
    NSAID-induced Impairment
    Clinical Signs and Symptoms
    • Asymptomatic
    • Stomach upset (nausea) and stomach pain
    • Indigestion, heartburn
    • Skin reactions (itching, rash, acne)
    • Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
    • CNS Changes
    – Headache
    – Depression
    – Confusion (older adult)
    – Memory loss (older adult)
    –
    NSAID-induced Impairment
    • Renal Involvement
    – Muscle weakness
    – Unusual fatigue
    – Polyuria
    – Nocturia
    – Pruritus (skin itching)
    – Increased blood pressure
    • New onset back (thoracic) or shoulder pain
    • Pain relief after eating food
    • Melena
    Scenario
    • A 65-year-old client is taking OxyCodone for a “sore
    shoulder.” She also reports aching pain of the
    sacrum that radiates. The sacral pain can be caused
    by:
    • Psoas abscess caused by vertebral osteomyelitis
    • GI bleeding causing hemorrhoids and rectal fissures
    • Crohn’s disease manifested as sacroiliitis
    • Pressure on sacral nerves from stored fecal content
    in the constipated client taking narcotics
    Appendicitis
    Clinical Signs and Symptoms
    – Periumbilical and/or epigastric pain
    – Right lower quadrant or flank pain
    – Right thigh, groin, or testicular pain
    – Abdominal muscular rigidity
    – Positive McBurney's point
    – Nausea and vomiting
    – Anorexia
    – Dysuria (painful/difficult urination)
    – Low-grade fever
    – Coated tongue and bad breath
    Pancreatitis
    Clinical Signs and Symptoms
    • Acute Pancreatitis
    – Epigastric pain radiating to the back
    – Nausea and vomiting
    – Fever and sweating
    – Tachycardia
    – Malaise
    – Weakness
    – Bluish discoloration of abdomen or flanks(severe
    hemorrhagic acute pancreatitis)
    – Jaundice
    Pancreatitis
    • Chronic Pancreatitis
    – Epigastric pain radiating to the back
    – Upper left lumbar region pain
    – Nausea and vomiting
    – Constipation
    – Weight loss
    Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    Clinical Signs and Symptoms
    – Painful abdominal cramps
    – Constipation
    – Diarrhea
    – Nausea and vomiting
    – Anorexia
    – Foul breath
    ESOPHAGEAL PAIN

    Nerve distribution of the esophagus is through T5 to T6 with


    primary pain around the xiphoid. Esophageal pain may be
    projected around the chest at any level corresponding to the
    esophageal lesion. Only two of the possible bands of pain around
    the chest are shown here.
    STOMACH AND DUODENAL PAIN

    Stomach or duodenal pain may occur anteriorly in the midline of the


    epigastrium or upper abdomen just below the xiphoid process. There is
    a tendency for the stomach and duodenum to refer pain posteriorly.
    Referred pain to the back occurs at the anatomic level of the
    abdominal lesion [T6 to T10).
    SMALL INTESTINE PAIN

    Midabdominal pain caused by disturbances of the small intestine is


    centered around the umbilicus (T9 to T11 nerve distribution) and
    may be referred to the low back area at the same anatomic level.
    Keep in mind the umbilicus is at the same level as the L3-L4 disc
    space in the average adult who is not obese or who has a
    protruding abdomen.
    • What is the significance of Kehr’s sign?
    Gas, air, or blood in the abdominal cavity
    • Bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can
    be manifested as: melena
    • Which of the following are clues to the
    possible involvement of the GI system?
    Abdominal pain at the same level as back pain,
    occurring either simultaneously or alternatively

    You might also like