Unit 2: The

Historical
Development
Of Art

CHAPTER 5: THE
DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL
ARTS
The
development
of visual arts

Prepared by: Queanna E. Constantino

` And

J Ann Castro
 Concepts
1. Prehistoric art is primarily focused on hunting, and shows great variety of stylistic
treatment, and sophistication of form, color, and line.
2. The Greeks rejected magic, combined sport and religion, and imbued a scientific view of
nature in their art.
3. Roman art shows preference for sharp forms and elongated figures. It served the cult of
ancestors and defied emperors.
4. Medieval art was focused on spiritual expression rather than physical beauty. It displayed
an emphasis on symbols.
5. Gothic art emphasized rediscovery of nature resulting in a calmer, more plastic style.
 The Development of
Painting
Pre-Historic Painting (40,000 BC-9000 BC)

Animal spear and other

rudimentary materials were utilized
to produce pre-historic paintings.
These works of art were drawn on
caves, stones, and on earth-filled
ground. The drawings or illustrations
dealt heavily with hunting and
employed stylistic treatment.
 Pre-historic
Greek Painting
Pre historic Greek Art was seen in four
periods:
1. Formative or Pre-Greek period- motif was sea and
nature

2. First Greek period - largely of Egyptian influence.

3. Golden Age (480-400 BC) - period in which the aesthetic

ideal is based on the representation of human character as
an expression of a divine system.

4. Hellenistic Period (4th century-1st BC) - discussed

heightened individualism and featured tragic mood and
contorted faces (lacaustic painting) The subject matters of
painting in pre-historic Greece were young wide males,
draped female, wounded soldiers, and scenes from everyday
 Pre-historic
Roman Painting
Pre-historic Roman Art encompassed two
periods:

1. Etruscan period (2000-1000 BC) - the

subject matters of paintings were ancestor

worship, catacombs, and sarcophages.

2. Roman period (2000 BC-400 AD)

characterized by commemorative statues,
sacrophages, frescoes, and designs with
vine motifs.

Art in these periods served the cult of

ancestors and defied emperors.
 Painting in the Medieval Period

There were three art classifications during the Medieval

Period.
1. Early Christian art-
Subject matters of art in this
period were symbols: cross,
fish, lamb, alpha and
omega, triumphal wreaths,
grapes, doves, and
peacocks. Haloed Christ,
saints and martyrs, and the
Virgin Mary began to
appear in painting at a later
time. Spiritual expression
took precedence over
physical beauty.
2. Byzantine art - The
subject matters of
paintings were Christ
as the Creator and
Mary the Mother of
God.
3. Gothic art- Gothic paintings were religious, grotesque, and calmer and
plastic in style. The picture of the Madonna and Child, of Franco-Flemish
school, gazing into each other's eyes in playful mood is an example of this
style.

Franco-Flemish paintings
- came in the form of portable easel paintings and oil paintings.
- Illustrations featured altar pieces with general wings that open and close.
- Children's faces were painted like small adults; the spectator was even
drawn into the picture.
- Landscape was incorporated in the picture using the open window
technique in which distant views of the town, people, and river can be
seen.
 OBJECTIVES:

1. TO KNOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF

SCULPTURE
2. TO DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENT
KIND OF SCULPTURE
3. TO KNOW WHO ARE THE
DIFFERENT SCULPTOR
 OBJECTIVES:

1. TO KNOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF

SCULPTURE
2. TO DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENT
KIND OF SCULPTURE
3. TO KNOW WHO ARE THE
DIFFERENT SCULPTOR
 THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF SCULPTURE
PRESENTED BY;
DELGADO, ADRIAN NIEL BEEd1-A
SCRAMBLED LETTERS
1.PLUCSTURE
2.MNETDEVEOLP
3.ETIANGYP PLUCSTURE
4.THICGO PLUCSTURE
5.RGEEK PLUCSTURE
Sculpture is an art form which
employs modeling. Modeling refers
to the technique by which a
material is shaped and formed into
a single mass or a block of material
having tri-dimensional form.
 Pre-historic
Sculpture

Pre-historic sculpture consisted of

rude forms carved in stones and
woods. These figures and images
were created to commemorate heroes
and heroines and perpetuate the
memory of men.
 Egyptian Sculpture
Pre-historic Egyptian sculpture
had gone through four (4) periods:

1. FIRST DYNASTY PERIOD

2. OLD KINGDOM PERIOD
3. MIDDLE KINGDOM PERIOD
4. NEW KINGDOM PERIOD
 FIRST DYNASTY PERIOD

This period occurred 5,000 years ago. The

sun, moon, stars and sacred animals were
common subjects of sculpture in this period.
The sculptors decorated the tombs of the
dead with scenes from his life and signs of his
rank and profession with assurance that his
spirit may continue his existence within the
tomb Statues began to flourish in this period.
 OLD KINGDOM PERIOD

Statues were either single figures or in

family groups. The faces of statues
were always calm and grave. Statues
of royal personages were much larger
than ordinary personages to give
impression of movement splendor.
 MIDDLE KINGDOM PERIOD

Faces of statues made during

this period depicted individual
moods but their bodies were
still rigid and straight in posture.
 NEW KINGDOM PERIOD

Figures of this period were

life-like and vigorous looking.
They were depicted in usual
poses - walking, dancing, and
bending. Figures showed
dignity and serenity.
The forms of Egyptian sculpture
are palettes (shield pieces of
stone with relief carvings); wall
carvings (bas- reliefs or high
reliefs found in walls of tombs)
and statues (figures of men and
women in sitting and standing
positions, usually impressive).
 Greek Sculpture

Pre-historic Greek sculpture had gone

through three (3) periods:

1. DAEDALIC PERIOD
2. CLASSICAL AGE
3. LATER GREEK PERIOD
 DAEDALIC PERIOD

Marble was heavily used as

material. Nude male statues
were usually produced.
 CLASSICAL AGE
This was the golden age or Age of
Pericles in Greece. Temples of gods
and goddesses were adorned with
sculptured figures. The human body
with all its beauty and splendor was
the emphasis of art in this period.
 LATER GREEK PERIOD

Male and female figures were

shown with very little or no
clothing at all.
 BYZANTINE SCULPTURE

Byzantine sculpture is classified into

two:

1. EARLY BYZANTINE SCULPTURE

2. LATER BYZANTINE SCULPTURE
EARLY BYZANTINE SCULPTURE

During this period, no statues

can be seen in churches and
basilicas only symbols or signs
as mosaic.
LATER BYZANTINE SCULPTURE
Statues replaced mosaic symbols and
signs. Biblical statues adorned
churches, basilicas, and even homes.
These statues are tall, dignified,
straight, exquisitely carved,
sometimes covered with jewels.
ROMANESQUE SCULPTURE
Romanesque sculpture gave prominence to
Biblical characters and human figures as
subjects. Biblical characters and human
figures were carved in statues or in reliefs,
with the bodies fully clothed, flat, and
elongated and the faces grave and remote.
 GOTHIC SCULPTURE
Gothic statues of human figure were
given a natural and life-like look, both
in bodies and facial expressions. They
wore garments to give the impression
of real bodies.
RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE
Renaissance sculpture is divided into
three periods:

1. Early Renaissance Sculpture

2. Middle Renaissance Sculpture
3. Later Part of the Renaissance
 EARLY RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE

Great and detailed attention was given to

anatomical shapes, proportions, and
perspectives to indicate a more scientific
attitude towards art.
 MIDDLE RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE

By the end of the 15th century,

sculpture became more secular than
religious. Palaces were adorned with
sculpture cast in bronze.
LATER PART OF THE RENAISSANCE

The subject matters of sculpture were

legends and myths of Greece and
Rome. The artists were given
complete freedom on their choice of
subject.
 BAROQUE
SCULPTURE

Baroque sculpture started in

the 17th century. It depicted
the beauty of art and stressed
on the expression of emotion.
 ROCOCO
SCULPTURE

being highly ornate and exquisite,

designed purely for ornamental
purposes. This art appeared
largely in furniture, panels, vases,
and urns.
 19th CENTURY
SCULPTURE

There were two schools in this

period: neoclassicism and
romantic realism.
 NEO-CLASSICAL
SCHOOLS

It depicted perfect human

anatomy endowed with a
calm, reflective look.
 ROMANTIC
REALISTIC SCHOOLS

It depicted realistic figures with

psychological attitudes of the
French revolution.
 THE THINKER, AUGUSTE RODIN

A PROMINENT SCULPTOR IN THE 19TH

CENTURY WAS AUGUSTE RODIN
20TH
CENTURY SCULPTURE
20th century sculpture was
mainly concerned with the
human body.
1. Pablo Picasso, the Father of
Abstract sculpture and Julio Gonzalez
advocated a regeneration of plastic
shapes through geometric
organization of the human body.
Abstract sculpture remains tied to
biology.
PABLO RUIZ PICASSO WAS A SPANISH
PAINTER, SCULPTOR, PRINTMAKER,
CERAMICIST AND THEATRE DESIGNER WHO
SPENT MOST OF HIS ADULT LIFE IN FRANCE.

BORN: OCTOBER 25, 1881, MALAGA, SPAIN

DIED: APRIL 8, 1973, MOUGINS, FRANCE
WAS A SPANISH SCULPTOR AND PAINTER.

BORN: SEPTEMBER 21, 1876

DIED: MARCH 27, 1942
2. Henry Moore and his
associates depicted anxiety
and terror in their sculpture.
Through this form, the
sculptor's view of life is shown.
WAS AN ENGLISH ARTIST. HE IS BEST KNOWN
FOR HIS SEMI-ABSTRACT MONUMENTAL
BRONZE SCULPTURE WHICH LOCATED
AROUND THE WORLD AS PUBLIC WORKS OF
ART.

BORN: JULY 30, 1898, CASTLEFORD, UK

DIED: AUGUST 31, 1986, PERRY GREEN, UK
3. Alberto Giacometti carved a figure
endowed with either action or feeling
by using thinned-out matter rising
upward in empty space-the
expression of being lost in infinite
nothingness.
WAS A SWISS SCULPTOR, PAINTER,
DRAFTMAN AND PRINTMAKER.

BORN: OCTOBER 10, 1901

DIED: JANUARY 11, 1966
4. In 1910, a sculpture of geometric
shapes emerged. This led to a new
tool in sculpture-the blow torch.
Through the presentation of marred
and tangled shapes, contemporary
sculpture showed fear and terror.
 YO U F OR
T HA N K
I ST EN I NG 
L
Painting in the Renaissance
The period is divided into three(3) period

1. Early Renaissance (14th- 15th century) — Early Renaissance painting

placed emphasis on simplicity, gesture, and expression.

2. High Renaissance (16th century) — it's center was in Florence,

Venice, and Rome. Painting style consists of the deepening of pictorial
space, making the sky more dramatic with dark clouds and flashes of
light. Da Vinci introduced the chiaroscuro Michel Angelo dramatized
the position of figures in his famous contrapuesto - twists.

3. Mannerism period - The human figure is rendered through the use

of oil paints of sumptuous, warm and sensual colors.
Famous painting in this period were Giotto, Leonardo
da Vinci Raffaello Sanzio ( Raphael), and
Michealangelo.

The creation of Adam, Michealangelo

Painting in the Baroque Period

Painting in the Baraque period are ornate and

fantastic. They appeal to the emotion, are sensual and
highly decorative. They make use of light and shadow of
produce dramatic effect.

Famous painters in this period include Peter Paul,

Rubens, Rembrandt, El Graco, Diego Velazquez and
Bartolome Esteban Murillo
The anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, Rembrandt
Rococo Painting
Rococo painting placed emphasis voluptuousness
and picturesque and intimate presentation of farm and
country. The Rococo art technique made use of soft
pastel colors, rendering the landscape smoking and hazy
with the subject always in the center of the canvas

Famous Rococo painter were Jean Antoine Watteau,

Jean-Honore Fragonard, William Hogarth, Joshua
Reynolds, and Francous Boucher.
The Embarkation for Cythera, Watteau
Romantic Painting
Romantic painting delved in the artist's
reactions to past events, landscape, and people.
Painting is richer than Rococo.

Manuel Osorio de Zuniga, Francisco Goya

19th Century Painting ( Modern Art)
19th Century art was aimed to the place the public

1. Impressionism

Paul Cezanne was the greatest impressionist and

the Father of Modern Art. His efforts were toward the
achievement of simplicity, brilliance, perfect balance,
brightness of colors, and sense of depth in art.
Still Life with Peppermint Bottle, Paul Cezanne
2. Expressionism
Vincent van Gogh is regarded as the
Father of Expressionism. He used bright, pure
colors mixed on the pallette but applied to the
canvas in small dots or strokes, relying on the
beholder's eyes to see them together. Gogh's
works are notable for their rough beauty,
emotional honesty, bold color and simplicity. Pual
Gauguin also practiced simplicity in Art.
Tahiti Women, Paul Starry Night, Vincent van
Gauguin Gogh