English

AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI ELM VƏ
TƏHSİL NAZİRLİYİ
BAKU STATE UNIVERSITY
Student: Umud Əbdurəhmanov

Group: TK-106
Teacher: Ganira Allahverdiyeva
Subject: Water
WHAT IS WATER?
WATER IS A TRANSPARENT, ALMOST COLORLESS,
TASTELESS AND ODORLESS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE
WITH THE CHEMICAL FORMULA H2O. WATER
FORMS THE EARTH'S RIVERS, LAKES, SEAS AND
OCEANS, AS WELL AS THE MAIN PART OF THE
FLUIDS IN LIVING THINGS. ONE MOLECULE
CONSISTS OF OXYGEN AND TWO HYDROGEN ATOMS
CONNECTED BY COVALENT BONDS. IT CONSISTS OF
11.19% HYDROGEN AND 88.81% OXYGEN BY MASS.
THE WORD WATER REFERS TO THE LIQUID STATE
OF MATTER UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS, BUT IT
IS ALSO USED FOR THE SOLID STATE, IE ICE, AND
GAS, THAT IS, VAPOR STATE. IN NATURE, IT ALSO
EXISTS IN THE FORM OF SNOW, GLACIER, ICEBERG,
WATER İN LİVİNG
ORGANİSMS
THE HUMAN BODY IS INTRACELLULAR, AND 1/3 IS EXTRACEIT IS

ALSO KNOWN FROM POPULAR LITERATURE THAT 2/3 OF THE
EARTH'S SURFACE IS COVERED BY WATER.
THE BODY OF ALL LIVING THINGS IN THE WORLD (PLANTS,

ANIMALS, PEOPLE) CONSISTS OF WATER IN ONE OR ANOTHER
PROPORTION. IN EVERY PART OF THE HUMAN BODY - IN THE
BLOOD, BONES, MUSCLES, INTERNAL ORGANS, ETC. MORE OR
LESS WATER. IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS - BLOOD, LYMPH, SALIVA
AND GASTRIC JUICE, THE AMOUNT OF WATER IS 90-99%, AND IN
BONE CELLS, IT IS 20-24%. MOST OF THE WATER IN LIVING
ORGANISMS IS LOCALIZED. THIS IS CALLED INTRACELLULAR
WATER. THE WATER INCLUDED IN THE COMPOSITION OF
INTERCELLULAR SPACES AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS IS CALLED
EXTRACELLULAR WATER. 2/3 OF THE WATER IN LLULAR WATER.
UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS, WATER IS REMOVED FROM THE
BODY OF A HEALTHY PERSON IN VARIOUS WAYS, IN AN INTERVAL
THE DYNAMIC DANCE OF WATER:
EXPLORING THE AGGREGATE
STATES
SOLID STATE - ICE:
THE SOLID STATE OF WATER, COMMONLY KNOWN AS ICE, OCCURS WHEN WATER MOLECULES SLOW DOWN AND
COME TOGETHER IN AN ORDERLY ARRANGEMENT. THE HEXAGONAL LATTICE STRUCTURE OF ICE GIVES IT A
CRYSTALLINE FORM, RESULTING IN A RIGID AND STABLE SUBSTANCE. THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH WATER FREEZES
INTO ICE IS 0 DEGREES CELSIUS (32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) UNDER NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
ICE IS NOT MERELY A STATIC ENTITY; IT UNDERGOES VARIOUS TRANSFORMATIONS, SUCH AS THE FORMATION OF
SNOWFLAKES WITH INTRICATE PATTERNS. ICE ALSO PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN SHAPING LANDSCAPES THROUGH
PROCESSES LIKE GLACIAL EROSION AND THE FORMATION OF ICEBERGS.
LIQUID STATE - WATER:
LIQUID STATE - WATER:
THE LIQUID STATE IS THE MOST FAMILIAR FORM OF WATER FOR MANY, COVERING ABOUT
71% OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE. IN THIS STATE, WATER MOLECULES ARE IN CONSTANT
MOTION, ALLOWING THEM TO FLOW AND TAKE THE SHAPE OF THEIR CONTAINER. THE
TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR WATER TO EXIST IN ITS LIQUID STATE IS FROM 0 DEGREES
CELSIUS (32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) TO 100 DEGREES CELSIUS (212 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT)
UNDER NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
WATER'S LIQUID STATE IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUPPORTING LIFE, AS IT SERVES AS THE MEDIUM
FOR BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND IS A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT, FACILITATING CHEMICAL
REACTIONS. THE COHESION AND ADHESION PROPERTIES OF LIQUID WATER ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR CAPILLARY ACTION IN PLANTS AND THE ABILITY OF WATER TO FORM
DROPLETS.
GASEOUS STATE - WATER
VAPOR:
AS WATER ABSORBS HEAT, IT GAINS ENERGY AND
TRANSITIONS TO ITS GASEOUS STATE, KNOWN AS WATER
VAPOR. THIS PROCESS, CALLED EVAPORATION, OCCURS
WHEN LIQUID WATER TURNS INTO VAPOR AT
TEMPERATURES ABOVE 100 DEGREES CELSIUS (212
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT) UNDER NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE. WATER VAPOR IS AN INVISIBLE GAS, AND ITS
PRESENCE IS OFTEN FELT AS HUMIDITY IN THE AIR.
WATER VAPOR PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE EARTH'S

CLIMATE AND WEATHER PATTERNS. THROUGH
PROCESSES LIKE CONDENSATION AND PRECIPITATION,
WATER VAPOR RETURNS TO THE EARTH'S SURFACE,
COMPLETING THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE. THE ABILITY
OF WATER TO EXIST IN THREE STATES CONTRIBUTES TO
THE DYNAMIC AND EVER-CHANGING NATURE OF THE
PLANET'S CLIMATE.
WATER POLLUTION
WATER, THE ESSENCE OF LIFE, IS FACING AN UNPRECEDENTED THREAT IN THE FORM OF WATER
POLLUTION. AS A VITAL RESOURCE FOR ALL LIVING ORGANISMS, THE CONTAMINATION OF
WATER POSES A SEVERE RISK TO ECOSYSTEMS, HUMAN HEALTH, AND THE DELICATE BALANCE OF
OUR PLANET. THIS ESSAY EXPLORES THE VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF WATER POLLUTION, ITS
CAUSES, IMPACTS, AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS.
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION:
WATER POLLUTION IS A RESULT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT INTRODUCE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
INTO WATER BODIES, RENDERING THEM UNSAFE FOR CONSUMPTION AND DETRIMENTAL TO
AQUATIC LIFE. THE MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS TO WATER POLLUTION INCLUDE INDUSTRIAL
DISCHARGES, AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, UNTREATED SEWAGE, OIL SPILLS, AND IMPROPER
DISPOSAL OF WASTE. THE ACCUMULATION OF POLLUTANTS SUCH AS HEAVY METALS, PESTICIDES,
NUTRIENTS, AND PATHOGENS POSES A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO THE QUALITY OF WATER.
WATER SHORTAGE
WATER, THE ESSENCE OF LIFE, IS A FINITE RESOURCE ESSENTIAL FOR
THE SUSTENANCE OF ECOSYSTEMS, AGRICULTURE, AND HUMAN
SURVIVAL. HOWEVER, MANY REGIONS AROUND THE WORLD ARE
GRAPPLING WITH THE LOOMING CRISIS OF WATER SHORTAGE. THIS
ESSAY EXPLORES THE CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND POTENTIAL
SOLUTIONS TO THE COMPLEX ISSUE OF WATER SCARCITY.
WATER SCARCITY ARISES FROM A COMBINATION OF NATURAL AND

HUMAN-INDUCED FACTORS. CLIMATE CHANGE PLAYS A PIVOTAL ROLE,
LEADING TO ALTERED PRECIPITATION PATTERNS, PROLONGED
DROUGHTS, AND INCREASED EVAPORATION. HUMAN ACTIVITIES SUCH AS
OVER-EXTRACTION OF GROUNDWATER, DEFORESTATION, AND
INEFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES EXACERBATE THE
PROBLEM, DEPLETING AVAILABLE WATER SOURCES AND STRAINING
ECOSYSTEMS.
POPULATION GROWTH IS ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTOR AMPLIFYING

WATER SCARCITY. AS GLOBAL POPULATIONS RISE, SO DOES THE DEMAND
LET'S PROTECT OUR WATER
AS STEWARDS OF THIS PLANET, WE MUST PRIORITIZE THE PROTECTION OF OUR

WATER RESOURCES. BY FOSTERING A COLLECTIVE COMMITMENT TO WATER
CONSERVATION, IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES, AND ADVOCATING
FOR RESPONSIBLE POLICIES, WE CAN ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY OF CLEAN
AND SUFFICIENT WATER FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS. LET US
RECOGNIZE THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH AND WORK
TOGETHER TO SECURE A SUSTAINABLE AND WATER-SECURE FUTURE. THE TIME
TO ACT IS NOW – FOR THE SAKE OF OUR ECOSYSTEMS, OUR COMMUNITIES, AND
THE WELL-BEING OF THE ENTIRE PLANET.

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AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI ELM VƏ

Student: Umud Əbdurəhmanov

THE HUMAN BODY IS INTRACELLULAR, AND 1/3 IS EXTRACEIT IS

THE BODY OF ALL LIVING THINGS IN THE WORLD (PLANTS,

WATER VAPOR PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE EARTH'S

WATER SCARCITY ARISES FROM A COMBINATION OF NATURAL AND

POPULATION GROWTH IS ANOTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTOR AMPLIFYING

AS STEWARDS OF THIS PLANET, WE MUST PRIORITIZE THE PROTECTION OF OUR

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