Lecture 2 SM

INDUSTRY 4.
0: BIOTECHNOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION IN FACTORIES
Dr. Shirsendu Mitra

Assistant Professor
Chemical Engineering
School of Technology
Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar
Dr. Shirsendu 1
OVERVIEW
 Quick Recap
 Introduction
 Significance and Process Understanding
 Aim of Industrial Biotechnology and its application
 Case Studies
2
Biotechnology Revision: Video 1
3
INTRODUCTION
What is Biotechnology?
 Scientific processes to get new organisms or new products from
organisms.
 It is the use of living organisms or processes to develop products useful

for mankind.
History
 Has been existing since centuries
 Begin with the first action of human on life for his welfare
 Term coined by a Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky
 Modern biotechnology started in California in 1970’s
4
What is possible ?
 Biotechnology is suited for large and small scale

 Production of bioethanol, butanol, lactic acid…
 Pharmaceutical biotechnology; therapeutic proteins…
 Large chemical and energy companies turn to Baker’s yeast cell

volume ~ 40 µm3
biotechnology
 Production can be improved 10-1000-fold using new

technologies
Fermentation tanks
can be 1 million m3
5
Established workflow for development of industrial
microbes
09/06/2016
Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 5
Aims of Industrial Biotechnology
We develop more efficient and sustainable cell factories, biological molecules and
production concepts for biotech, pharma, enzyme, energy, chemical and cosmetic
industries
Yeasts Algae and Enzymes Plant cells Filamentous

and c yanobacte a in vitro & in vivo fungi
bacteria ri
Biotechnical tools, data analysis, imaging, process development, piloting
Biofuels Therapeutic Bionanomaterials Food and cosmetic

molecules ingredients
Bioplastic Platform and
Industrial enzymes
precursors high-value chemicals

Delft University: Video 2

Applications
 Healthcare industry and Pharmaceutical

Applications
 Metabolite production.
 Anaerobic digestion (for methane production).
 Waste treatment (both organic and industrial).
 Production of biocontrol agents, and
 Fermentation of food products.
 Bio based fuel &energy.

Applications
ELISA a common antigen detection tool
Dr. Shirsendu Mitra

Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals 10
PCR a common viral DNA/RNA detection tool
11
Applications (continues)
 Microorganisms produce a number of metabolites

during their growth using cheap substrates.
 Acetone-butanol,
 Alcohol,
 Antibiotics,
 Enzymes,
 Organic acids
 Vitamins.

 Microorganisms employed to enhance the availability of

nutrients, viz., nitrogen (by fixing atmospheric N2) and
phosphorus (by solubilizing soil phosphorus), to the
crops are called biofertilizers.
 Rhizobium spp.
 Blue-green Algae and Azolla.
 Azotobacter and Azospirillum.

 Microbes can be employed to recover valuable metals

from low grade ores and also from dilute solutions
for which the conventional metallurgical processes
are uneconomical and, generally, rather polluting.
E.g
 leaching of copper as copper sulphate from ores.
 Desulphurization of Coals by Thiobacillus spp.

 Use of microorganisms to control insect pests,

pathogens or weeds constitutes biological
control, and the biological agents employed
for this purpose are called biocontrol agents.
 Bioinsecticides-
 Bioherbicides-


 Ethanol currently produced by

fermenting grain (old technology).
 Cellulose enzyme technology
allows conversion of crop residues
(stems, leaves and hulls) to
ethanol.
 Results in reduced CO2 emissions
by more than 90% (compared to
oil).
 Allows for greater domestic
energy production and it uses a
renewable feedstock.

Genetically engineered organisms for the production of
chemicals
Xylose Pectin
Glucose Fatty acids
Glycolic acid
Isoprene
Oleochemicals
Xylonic acid Dicarboxylic acids
Source: VTT

Plant cells towards industrial use
 We cultivate various plant cell and organ cultures from laboratory to pilot scale (1200
liters) for production of high-value molecules and special proteins
 We can also engineer the cells for use as green cell factories in
various industrial applications (pharma, cosmetics)
Callus Cell suspension
Plant Cells in bioreactor

Advantages
 Low input of substrate.

 High rate of output.
 Friendly to environment.
 Renewable.
 Increased efficiency.

CASE 1: Novel bacterial strain for ethanol production
Challenge: Unlock the potential of unique bacterial strains for

ethanol production
Solution: The production physiology of Deinococcus bacteria,

analysing and characterising the hydrolytic enzymes were produced.
60 fold
Key benefits: Set the groundwork for commercialisation of the
lignocellulosic ethanol production process
improvement
in ethanol
production
Source: VTT

CASE 2: Lactic acid - Improved host for bioplastic
production
Customer: Cargill / NatureWorks LLC
Challenge: To create a new production host for lactic acid production

better suited for industrial production conditions
Solution: VTT engineered a yeast strain for more efficient conversion of

plant materials to lactic acid. NatureWorks LLC, subsidiary of Cargill, is
currently a leading producer of plant based bioplastics.
Production
Key benefit: Contributed to lowering production costs
levels up to
92 g/l
of lactic
acid*
Source: VTT
* Ref. Ilmén, M. et al. (2013): Microbial Cell Factories 12: 53

CASE 3: Constructing a value chain – Bio-glycolic acid
for bio-based polyesters
 A value chain from bio-based glycolic acid has been produced by
fermentation to a value-added polymer
 Exploitation potential
 Barrier material in rigid and flexible packaging
 Total barrier material market > €1billion
Source: VTT

CASE 4: Sustainable cosmetics from cloudberry cells
Customer: Lumene
Challenge: Enable the sustainable production of bioactive

compounds from a natural source
Solution: The VTT Plant biotechnology team established a

single cell culture from a rare cloudberry plant enabling the
sustainable production of bioactive compounds in controlled
bioreactor environment
Key benefits: Leveraging the bioactivities of cloudberry stem

cell culture enabled the creation of a new line of cosmetics
new line
Algae: Sugar kelp:-- Removes excess nutrients and
carbon dioxide and releases oxygen of cosmetics
Used as a moisturizing and anti-inflammation additive from
because of its hydrating and soothing characteristics.
cloudberry
Source: VTT stem cells

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INDUSTRY 4.

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra

 It is the use of living organisms or processes to develop products useful

 Term coined by a Hungarian engineer Karl Ereky

 Modern biotechnology started in California in 1970’s

 Biotechnology is suited for large and small scale

 Large chemical and energy companies turn to Baker’s yeast cell

 Production can be improved 10-1000-fold using new

Yeasts Algae and Enzymes Plant cells Filamentous

Biofuels Therapeutic Bionanomaterials Food and cosmetic

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 7

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 8

 Healthcare industry and Pharmaceutical

 Anaerobic digestion (for methane production).

 Waste treatment (both organic and industrial).

 Production of biocontrol agents, and

 Fermentation of food products.

 Bio based fuel &energy.

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 9

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra

 Microorganisms produce a number of metabolites

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 12

 Microorganisms employed to enhance the availability of

 Blue-green Algae and Azolla.

 Azotobacter and Azospirillum.

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 13

 Microbes can be employed to recover valuable metals

 Desulphurization of Coals by Thiobacillus spp.

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 14

 Use of microorganisms to control insect pests,

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 15

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 16

 Ethanol currently produced by

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 17

Glucose Fatty acids

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 18

Callus Cell suspension

Plant Cells in bioreactor

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 19

 Low input of substrate.

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 20

Challenge: Unlock the potential of unique bacterial strains for

Solution: The production physiology of Deinococcus bacteria,

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 21

Customer: Cargill / NatureWorks LLC

Challenge: To create a new production host for lactic acid production

Solution: VTT engineered a yeast strain for more efficient conversion of

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 22

Dr. Shirsendu Mitra 23

Challenge: Enable the sustainable production of bioactive

Solution: The VTT Plant biotechnology team established a

Key benefits: Leveraging the bioactivities of cloudberry stem

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