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    Electric Machinery: DC Machines

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    aswardi8756
    This document is chapter 7 from the textbook "Electric Machinery" by Fitzgerald, Kingsley, and Umans. It introduces DC machines, including their operating principles, components, characteristics, and applications. Key topics covered include magnetization curves, armature and field windings, commutation, and the different connections for DC generators and motors like series, shunt, and compound. Diagrams illustrate machine components and circuit models. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for DC machines.

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    Electric Machinery: DC Machines

    Uploaded by

    aswardi8756
    34 views31 pages
    This document is chapter 7 from the textbook "Electric Machinery" by Fitzgerald, Kingsley, and Umans. It introduces DC machines, including their operating principles, components, characteristics, and applications. Key topics covered include magnetization curves, armature and field windings, commutation, and the different connections for DC generators and motors like series, shunt, and compound. Diagrams illustrate machine components and circuit models. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for DC machines.

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    This document is chapter 7 from the textbook "Electric Machinery" by Fitzgerald, Kingsley, and Umans. It introduces DC machines, including their operating principles, components, characteristics, and applications. Key topics covered include magnetization curves, armature and field windings, commutation, and the different connections for DC generators and motors like series, shunt, and compound. Diagrams illustrate machine components and circuit models. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for DC machines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views31 pages

    Electric Machinery: DC Machines

    Uploaded by

    aswardi8756
    This document is chapter 7 from the textbook "Electric Machinery" by Fitzgerald, Kingsley, and Umans. It introduces DC machines, including their operating principles, components, characteristics, and applications. Key topics covered include magnetization curves, armature and field windings, commutation, and the different connections for DC generators and motors like series, shunt, and compound. Diagrams illustrate machine components and circuit models. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for DC machines.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 31

    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Electric Machinery
    Sixth Edition

    A.E. Fitzgerald
    Charles Kingsley, Jr.
    Stephen D. Umans

    DC Machines

    7-1
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    7-2
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    7-3
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    7-4
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    Current in external
    Tmech  K a  d ia armature circuit

    Constant determined by Direct axis air-gap flux per


    the design of windings pole
    7-5
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION
    Rectified coil voltages and resultant voltage between brushes in a dc machine.

    ea  K a  d m ea ia  Tmech m

    Speed voltage Angular speed Power

    7-6
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    Typical form of magnetization curves of a dc machine.

    ea ea 0  m   n
     Ka d  ea   ea 0 ea   ea 0
    m m 0  m 0   n0 

    7-7
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION
    Equivalent Circuit (Not in the textbook):

    ia

    Ra
    Lf Rf La
    if  e
     a

    For steady-state, current is dc,


    therefore Lf and La can be
    neglected.

    7-8
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    Field-circuit connections of dc machines: (a) separate excitation, (b) series, (c) shunt,
    (d) compound.
    7-9
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    Volt-ampere characteristics of dc generators.

    7-10
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    7.1 INTRODUCTION

    Speed-torque characteristics of dc motors.

    7-11
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    EXAMPLE (Final Exam 2006) :


    Assume that a 240 V self-excited shunt motor is Vt
    supplied by a line current of 102.4 A when it is
    Ra
    loaded with a full load at a speed of 1000 rpm.
    The armature-circuit resistance and the shunt- Rf Ea
    field circuit resistance of the motor are 0.1 ohm
    and 100 ohm, respectively. Assume that a
    breaking resistor of 1.05 ohm is used for
    dynamic braking (breaking means that voltage
    source is removed and immediately a resistor is
    connected to the terminals of the DC machine)
    and determine the following.
    a)The value of counter emf Ea.
    b)The full-load torque of the motor
    c)The value of the armature winding current at
    the time of initial breaking.
    d)The value of initial dynamic breaking (initial
    torque during breaking)

    7-12
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    The End of This Chapter

    7-13
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Dc machine
    armature winding
    with commutator
    and brushes.
    (a), (b) Current
    directions for two
    positions of the
    armature.
    Figure 7.7

    7-14
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Waveform of current in an armature coil


    with linear commutation.
    Figure 7.8

    7-15
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Armature-mmf and flux-density distribution with brushes on


    neutral and only the armature excited.
    Figure 7.9

    7-16
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Flux with only the armature excited and brushes


    on neutral.
    Figure 7.10

    7-17
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Armature,
    main-field,
    and resultant
    flux-density
    distributions
    with brushes
    on neutral.
    Figure 7.11

    7-18
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Motor or generator connection diagram


    with current directions.
    Figure 7.12

    7-19
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Short-shunt compound-generator connections.


    Figure 7.13

    7-20
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Magnetization
    curves for a 250-V
    1200-r/min dc
    machine. Also
    shown are field-
    resistance lines for
    the discussion of
    self-excitation in
    Section 7.6.1.
    Figure 7.14

    7-21
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Equivalent circuit for analysis of voltage buildup


    in a self-excited dc generator.
    Figure 7.15

    7-22
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Cross section of a typical permanent-magnet motor. Arrows


    indicate the direction of magnetization in the permanent
    magnets.
    Figure 7.17

    7-23
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    (a) Dimension definitions for the motor of Fig. 7.17.


    (b) approximate magnetic equivalent circuit.
    Figure 7.18

    7-24
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Equivalent circuit of a permanent-magnet dc motor.


    Figure 7.20

    7-25
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Section of dc machine showing compensating winding.


    Figure 7.22

    7-26
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Schematic connection diagram of a dc machine.


    Figure 7.24

    7-27
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Series-connected universal machine.


    Figure 7.25

    7-28
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Typical torque-speed characteristics of a series universal


    motor.
    Figure 7.26

    7-29
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    1200 r/min
    magnetization
    curve for the
    dc generator
    of Problem 7.4.
    Figure 7.27

    7-30
    Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

    Series crane
    motor (Problem
    7.22): (a) hoisting
    connection and
    (b) lowering
    connection.
    Figure 7.28

    7-31

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