Malaria and Dengue PPT Shujaat Zahid Bp802t

Prepared by: Raja Shujaat
B. Pharmacy 8TH semester

Registration no. 72013812
Submitted to : Dr. Teena

Assistant Professor
Dept. of Pharmacology
School of Pharmaceutical sciences
INTRODUCTIO
N
Disease is a abnormal condition that negatively effects the structure
or function of an organism.
 Unhealthy condition which causes discomfort.
 Any deviation from the normal functioning of the body to
physiological and psychological changes.
Types of Disease :
 Communicable disease (Contagious) Example include :
Malaria , Cholera , Dengue , Ebola Virus etc.
 Non Communicable disease ( Non infectious ) Chronic diseases
examples include Cancer , Thyroid , Diabetes , CVD
Hypertension , Asthma etc.
www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito borne febrile disease which occurs due
to the presence of protozoan parasite in RBC’s .
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that
are transmitted to people through the bites of infected
female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable.
There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and
2 of these species – Plasmodium falciparum and P - vivax –
pose the greatest threat.
Malaria is a epidemic disease.
This is most commonly occurring disease worldwide and
affects person of all age groups.

Table : Causative Agents
Causative Agent Type of Malaria Incubation Period

1 Plasmodium falciparum Very severe form 9 – 14 days
2 Plasmodium vivax Less severe 8 – 17 days
3 Plasmodium ovale Rare form of malaria 16 - 18 days
4 Plasmodium malarie Rare form of malaria 18 – 40 days

Etiology of Malaria
Malaria is an infectious protozoal disease caused by infection
with plasmodium protozoa. Transmitted by an infective
female anopheles mosquito by releasing Sporozites. This
plasmodium spends half life cycle in Anopheles Mosquito and
half life cycle in humans.
- Female anopheles mosquito is actually vector / Carrier.
Life Cycle of Plasmodium : occurs in two hosts –
` Anopheles Mosquito. ( Sexual Part )
` Human. ( Asexual Part ).
- Other causes of malaria : Blood Transfusion , infected
Needles and infected mother to foetus.
Treatment and Management
It is important to start treatment as soon as possible to

prevent complication like Renal failure , Organ
failure , hypoglycemia , Anemia etc.
 Quinine , Chloroquine , HCQ .
 Mefloquinine.
 Artesunate , Artemether , Arteether.
 Tetracycline , Doxycycline .
 IV Fluids ( 0.9% Saline ) , ( Dextrose 5% ) .

Clinical Manifestations :
 Fever and Chills.

Fatigue.
Headache.
 Sweating.
 Severe Anemia.
 Diarrhoea.
 Abdominal Pain.
 Low Blood sugar.
 Cough.
 Rapid Heart beat.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• Use of Mosquito Nets.
• Use of Mosquito repellent.

• Clean and proper drainage system should be maintained.
• Insecticides , Pesticides Like DDT should be sprayed.
• Use window screens.
• Wear Protective clothing.
• Use Coils and Vaporizers.
• Educate the people about the cause and prevention of malaria and
personal Hygiene.
• Chemoprophylaxis.

DENGUE
Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV)
transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes.
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that occurs in tropical and
subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever
and flu-like symptoms. The severe form of dengue fever, also called
dengue hemorrhagic fever can cause serious bleeding , a sudden drop
in blood pressure (shock) and death.
 CAUSATIVE ORGANISM : Dengue fever is caused by a virus
belonging to Flaviviridae family of four different types : - DENV – 1,
DENV – 2 , DENV – 3 AND DENV – 4 .
 Aedes mosquitoes are the primary vector of the dengue virus
(DENV). The bite of an infected female mosquito such as Aedes
aegypti or Aedes albopictus transmits the virus to humans..

SYMPTOMS
1. Headache .
2. Joint Pain.
3. Abdominal pain.
4. Bleeding Gums.
5. Restlessness.
6. Tachypnea.
7. Fatigue.
8. Fever.
9. Muscle pain.
10. Rashes.
11. Vomitting.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION
The different modes of transmission of the virus are as
follows :
 Mosquito to Human Transmission : Through bite of
infected female mosquito (Aedes – aegypti ) .
 Human to Mosquito Transmission : Normal mosquitos
become infected from patients suffering from dengue.
 Maternal Transmission : It occurs during pregnancy or
through breastfeeding by a dengue infected mother. The new
born babies may suffer from premature birth , Low birth
weight and other fetal issues.

Management and Treatment
 No specific treatment for dengue fever exists . But The over-the-
counter (OTC) drug acetaminophen can help reduce muscle pain and
fever. But if you have dengue fever, you should avoid other OTC pain
relievers, including aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen sodium . These
pain relievers can increase the risk of dengue fever bleeding
complications.
 If you have severe dengue fever, you may need:
 Supportive care in a hospital
 Intravenous (IV) fluid and electrolyte replacement
 Blood pressure monitoring
 Transfusion to replace blood loss.

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Prepared by: Raja Shujaat

B. Pharmacy 8TH semester

Submitted to : Dr. Teena

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

Causative Agent Type of Malaria Incubation Period

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

It is important to start treatment as soon as possible to

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

 Fever and Chills.

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

• Use of Mosquito Nets.

• Use of Mosquito repellent.

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

www.ctuniversity.in Campus : Ludhiana

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