Design of Member For Flexure

Design of
Member for
Flexure
A beam can fail by reaching Mp and
becoming fully plastic, or it can fail by
a. lateral-torsional buckling (LTB), either
elastically or inelastically;
b. flange local buckling (FLB), elastically
or inelastically; or
c. web local buckling (WLB), elastically
or inelastically
LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING
A beam can buckle

in a lateral-torsional
mode when the
bending moment
exceeds the critical
moment
FLANGE LOCAL BUCKLING
The compression
flange of a beam
can buckle locally
when the bending
stress in the flange
exceeds the critical
stress.
WEB LOCAL BUCKLING
The web of a beam

can also buckle
locally when the
bending stress in
the web exceeds
the critical stress.
COMPACT SECTION
• A compact section is a section that has a
sufficiently stocky profile so that it is capable of
developing a fully plastic stress distribution before
buckling locally (web or flange).
• The Compact sections are those whose webs are
continuously connected to the flanges and that
satisfy the following width-to-thickness ratio
requirements for the flange and the web:
NON-COMPACT SECTION
• A noncompact section is one for which the yield
stress can be reached in some, but not all, of its
compression elements before buckling occurs.
• It is not capable of reaching a fully plastic stress
distribution.
COMPACT AND NON-COMPACT SECTION
Zones based on Lateral Bracing Situation
Zone 1 ( Plastic Behavior – full plastic behavior )
• If the beam is compact and has continuous lateral

support, or if the unbraced length is very short,
the nominal moment strength, Mn, is the full
plastic moment capacity of the shape, Mp.
where:
Mn=nominal flexural strength, MPa
Mp=plastic moment capacity, Mpa
Fy = specified minimum yield stress
of the type of steel being used, Mpa
Zx = plastic section modulus about
the x-axis, mm3
Zone 1 ( Plastic Behavior – full plastic behavior )
Beams are laterally supported if the distance between

lateral supports or bracing is less than the value of Lp.
Lb = length between points that are either braced against

lateral displacement of compression flange or braced
against twist of the cross section (unbraced length), mm
Zone 2 Inelastic Lateral Torsional Buckling
If intermittent lateral bracing is supplied for the

compression flange of a beam section, or if intermittent
torsional bracing is supplied to prevent twisting of the
cross section at the bracing points such that the member
can be bent until the yield strain is reached in some (but
not all) of its compression elements before lateral
buckling occurs, we have inelastic buckling.
Limiting Lengths
Where:
E = modulus of elasticity of steel = 200,000 MPa
Jc = torsional constant, mm4
Sx = elastic section modulus taken about the x-axis, mm 3
Cw = warping constant, mm6
Values of Cb
Values of Cb
Zone 3 Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling
If the unbraced length is greater than Lr, the section will buckle
elastically before the yield stress is reached anywhere. As the
unbraced length is further increased, the buckling moment becomes
smaller and smaller. As the moment is increased in such a beam, the
beam will deflect more and more transversely until a critical moment
value is reached.
User Note: The square root term may be conservatively

taken equal to 1.0.
NSCP PROVISIONS
NSCP PROVISIONS
NSCP PROVISIONS
NSCP PROVISIONS
SUMMARY OF MOMENT STRENGTH
SUMMARY OF MOMENT STRENGTH
Sample Problem 1
A simply supported 10m long W 16 x 31 beam supports a
reinforced concrete floor slab that provides continuous
lateral support of the compression flange. The service load is
6.58 kN/m. This load is super-imposed on the beam, it does
not include the weight of the beam itself. The service live load
is 8kN/m. The W 16 x 31 has the following properties:
A=5884mm2 bf=140.30mm
E=200GPa tf=11.20mm
H=403.40mm tw=7mm
Fy=345MPa Z=884.90x103 mm3
Wt=46.30kg/m
Using the LRFD Method,

a. Determine the nominal flexural strength of the beam.
b. Determine the design or ultimate flexural strength of the
beam.
c. Determine the actual maximum moment.
Sample Problem 2
A simply supported W 14 x 90, 14m long beam is

laterally supported over its entire length. If
Fy=345MPa and the W 14 x 90 section has the following
properties:
A=17097mm2 bf=368.80mm
E=200GPa tf=18mm
Sx=2335.40x103 mm3 Zx=2572.77x103 mm3
a. Determine the nominal flexural strength of the beam.

Sample Problem 3
A W18 x 97 with Fy =345 MPa has an unbraced length

of Lb = 12m. The beam is simply supported with
lateral support at its end only.
The W 18 x 97 has the following properties:

Lr = 9.24m ho = 449.58mm
rts = 78.23mm J = 2439.12 x 103 mm4
c = 1.0 (double symmetric)
Sx = 3080.77 x 103 mm3
Zx = 3457.67 x 103 mm3
a. Determine the value of øMn.

b. Determine the value of.
End of
Presentation.

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Design of Member For Flexure

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Design of

A beam can buckle

The web of a beam

Zone 1 ( Plastic Behavior – full plastic behavior )

• If the beam is compact and has continuous lateral

Beams are laterally supported if the distance between

Lb = length between points that are either braced against

If intermittent lateral bracing is supplied for the

User Note: The square root term may be conservatively

Using the LRFD Method,

A simply supported W 14 x 90, 14m long beam is

a. Determine the nominal flexural strength of the beam.

A W18 x 97 with Fy =345 MPa has an unbraced length

The W 18 x 97 has the following properties:

a. Determine the value of øMn.

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