Fire Safety

FIRE SAFETY
P.D. NO. 1185
OF THE PHILIPPINES AND

REGULATIONS
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1185
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
WHEREAS, death and injury to persons and loss and
damage to property by fire have reached alarming
proportion that the economic and social gains of the
society are being continually undermined;
WHEREAS, in order to effect a meaningful reduction of
the alarming fire losses, there is a need to develop
national consciousness and involvement of all
persons in the prevention and suppression of fire;
WHEREAS, fire prevention and suppression require
the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the
incorporation of fire safety construction and provision
of protective and safety devices in buildings and
structures;
WHEREAS, there is an urgent need for an emergency
primarily responsible for the implementation and
coordination of the activities of all sectors of society
on fire safety, prevention and suppression.
WHEREAS, in order to effectively implement all efforts
to minimize the occurrence of fires and their
destructive effects, full financial, equipment and
personnel support by the government and the private
sector in necessary…
DECLARATION OF POLICIES
The following are declared policies of the State:
a. The government, with the cooperation of the
private sector, shall develop and promulgate sets
of standards and regulations taking into
consideration the latest development in fire
technology suitable to Philippine conditions;
b. Fire prevention and safety shall be given equal, if
not greater emphasis as the suppression, or
extinguishment of fire. Fire prevention shall be
undertaken continuously involving all sectors of
the community.
c. The Fire Service of the Integrated National Police shall
endeavor to respond to all fires before they reach
critical and conflagration stages. Towards this end, the
organization, administration and operation of the Fire
Service shall be improved and developed, its
personnel and equipment augmented and effective fire
alarm systems set-up; and
d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this

purpose, educational institutions shall endeavor to
include in their curricula, courses on fire technology
and fire protection engineering.
RULE 1 – GENERAL PROVISIONS
DIVISION 1 – GENERAL
SEC. 1.103 REQUIRED FIRE SAFETY
PROGRAM / MEASURES
A. In addition to the requirements provided for in Sec. 1.102, lessees or occupants of buildings, structure or facilities
shall observe all pertinent fire safety measures as set forth in P.D.1185 and in subsequent Rules of the Fire
Code.
B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or

facilities shall organize themselves and develop and
implement fire safety programs to include among
others, fire prevention in the premises, notification
of the fire service to the existence of a fire,
evacuation of persons and initial fire fighting. The
building owner shall take the initiative of formulating
the fire safety program for his building and of
organizing the occupants to implement the program.
THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT THE OCCURRENCE
OF FIRE IS…
“TO HAVE
NO FIRE
AT ALL”
THRU:
 EDUCATION / ORIENTATION
 ESTABLISHMENT OF FIRE BRIGADE
ORGANIZATION
 EXERCISE / TRAINING
- FIRE DRILL
- HANDS-ON FIRE EXTINGUISHER
IGNITION SOURCES OF FIRE
ELECTRICAL - 23% CUTTING & WELDING - 4%

SMOKING - 18% EXPOSURE - 3%
FRICTION - 10% INCENDIARISM - 3%
OVERHEATED MATERIALS - 8% MECHANICAL SPARKS - 2%
HOT SURFACE - 7% MOLTEN SUBSTANCES - 2%
BURNER FLAMES - 7% CHEMICAL ACTION - 1%
COMBUSTION SPARKS - 5% STATIC SPARKS - 1%
SPONTANEOUS IGNITION - 4% LIGHTING - 1%
MISCELLANEOUS - 1%
Chemistry and Physics of Fire
FIRE
is a rapid, self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by the
evolution of heat and light
-is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with

oxygen in the presence of enough heat.
Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.

Products of Fire
• Flame
THERMAL
• Heat
• Smoke NON-THERMAL
• Fire Gases
Fire Gases
 Carbon Monoxide
 Carbon Dioxide
 Ammonia
 Hydrogen Chloride
 Sulfur Dioxide
Classes of Fire
Class A
Occur in ordinary combustible
materials such as wood, paper,
rugs and rubbish.
Class B
Occur in vapor-air mixture over the
surface of flammable liquids, such
as gasoline, oil, thinners.
Classes of Fire
Class C
Occur in or near energized electrical
equipment where non-conducting
extinguishing agents must be used.
Class D
Occur in combustible metals, such as magnesium,
potassium, powdered aluminum, zinc.
TRIANGLE OF FIRE
FUEL HEAT
OXYGEN
TETRAHEDRON
FUEL HEAT
CHEMICAL
CHAIN
REACTION
OXYGEN
INCIPIENT PHASE – or beginning of fire
• oxygen is plentiful
• Temp has not built to high peak
• Breathing not difficult
• Direct water application
• Ventilation: not a problem
• Little steam production
FREE BURNING PHASE – fire begins to deplete the
room’s oxygen supply and temperature greatly
increased.
• Fire has involved more fuels

• Oxygen supply is being depleted
• Heat accumulates at ceiling
• SCBA is a must
• Ventilation: not a definite need
• Good steam production
SMOLDERING PHASE – after oxygen content of the air
falls below 15%, the fire enters a smoldering phase
where flame may cease but dense smoke and heat
completely fill the room.
• Oxygen supply is below 15%

• Temp is very high
• Normal breathing not possible
• Backdraft hazard
• Fire extinguishment: indirect method
• Ventilation is a must
CONDUCTION – transmission of heat from one
substance to another by direct contact from
molecules.
CONVECTION – transmission of heat through

contact with molecules of hot gases when molecules
of gases move upward and transmits to any other
surface.
RADIATION – transmission of heat from a source

even through space.
Fire Control Methods
• Cooling
• Smothering
• Starvation
• Inhibition
ORGANIZATION, TRAINING AND
PROCEDURES
Those whose duty is to fight fires comes from three
lines of defense:
1.Personnel working in the area where the fire starts
2.The worker fire brigade
3.The public fire brigade
It is strongly advised that all personnel be instructed

in special session and that fire drill is needed at
least twice a year in which they can practice what
they have been taught
Is an appliance designated to be
carried and operated by hand
containing an extinguisher
medium which can be expelled by
the action of internal pressure and
be directed on to a fire.
Antitamper seal
lockpin
handle
Pressure gauge
Activation Squeeze Handle (looks
like the open mouth of an alligator)
Nozzle or horn
Inspector check tag
Hose or coupling
Position and legibility of faceplate
Cylinder should be in
good condition
Tag showing last
recharge and inspection
date
 Be kept fully charged and in their designated
places
 Be located along normal paths of travel
 Not to be obstructed or obscured from view
 Not to be mounted higher than 5’ (1.5m.) to the top
of the extinguisher, if they weigh 40 lbs (18kg.) or
less but heavier, not more than 3.5’ (1m.)
Report used extinguishers Watch for tampering
Recharge properly Do not mix dry chemicals
Watch for corrosion Keep nozzle clean
Check for low pressure Conduct regular inspection
Types of Portable FX
• Carbon Dioxide
• Dry Chemical (Ordinary & Multi-
Purpose)
• Aqueous Film Forming Foam
(AFFF)
• Halon 1211
• Dry Powder
General Operating Steps
• PULL the pin.

• AIM the nozzle.
• SQUEZZE the lever.
• SWEEP from side-to-side.

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FIRE SAFETY

P.D. NO. 1185

OF THE PHILIPPINES AND

d. The Fire Service shall be professionalized. For this

B. All occupants or lessees of buildings, structures or

ELECTRICAL - 23% CUTTING & WELDING - 4%

-is the combination of combustible materials (fuel) with

Oxidation - the act or process of combining with oxygen.

• Fire has involved more fuels

• Oxygen supply is below 15%

CONVECTION – transmission of heat through

RADIATION – transmission of heat from a source

It is strongly advised that all personnel be instructed

• PULL the pin.

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