System Unit

 Also known as a Base unit, is the

main body of a computer. It is
typically made of a metal and plastic
enclosure containing the mother
board, power supply, cooling fans,
internal disk drives, memory and
expansion cards that are plugged
into the mother board.
Parts of the System Unit
 Motherboard
 Is the central Printed Circuit Board
(PCB) in some complex electronic
system such as modern personal
computers.
Power Supply
 Supplies power to the other
components in a computer. It is
typically designed to convert general-
purpose alternating current (AC)
electric power from the mains to
usable low-voltage direct current (DC)
power for the internal components of
the computer.
Microprocessor
 Is the center of your computer
which processes instructions and
communicates with outside devices,
controlling most of the operation of
the computer.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
 Is commonly referred to as a hard
drive, hard disk or fixed disk drive.
It is a non- volatile storage device
which stores digitally encoded data
on a rapid cylinder rotating platters
with magnetic surfaces.
Video Card
 Is also known as a graphics
accelerator card, display adapter or
graphics card. This is an expansion
card that improves images shown on
your display screen.
Sound Card
 Is also known as an audio card
 It is a computer expansion card
that facilitates the input and
output of audio signals to and
from a computer under the
control of computer program
Memory
 Is a temporary storage area which
holds the data and instructions that
the system unit CPU needs. Before
a program can be run, the program
is loaded from some storage
medium into the memory.
Random –Access Memory
(RAM)
 Is the main memory of the computer.
It can be accessed randomly. Where
any byte, (a unit of digit information in
computing and telecommunications
that most commonly consists of eight
bits), can be accessed without
touching the preceding bytes.
 Read – Only – Memory (ROM)
 Refers to special memory used to store
programs that boot the computer and
perform diagnostics. Data stores in ROM
cannot be modified , or can be modified
only showly or with difficulty, so it is mainly
used to distribute firmware. A firmware is
software that is very closely tied to specific
hardware, and unlikely to need frequent
updates.
Ports
 Are the openings at the back portion
of the system unit where you can
connect all the other external
devices.
Communication Devices
 Is a hardware component that
enables a computer to send or
transmit and receive data,
instructions, and from one or more
computers
Types of Communications
Device
1.Modem
 Is short for modulator-
demodulator, a device that
enables a computer to transmit
data over the telephone or cable
lines.
 Different Kinds of Modem
 A. Dial- up Modem
 Is a form of adapter card that you can
insert in an expansion slot on a
computer’s motherboard.
 One end of a standard telephone cord
attaches to a port on the modem card
and the other end plugs into a
telephone outlet in order to connect to
the internet.
b. Cable modems
 Send and receive digital data over
the cable television network.
c. Wireless modems
 Have a wireless accessibility with
its built-in antenna. This is most
common in PDA, Smart Phone or
other mobile devices.
2.Network
 Is an adapter card, PC card or flash
that enables a computer to access
network.
3. Router
 Is a communications device that
connects multiples computers or other
routers together and transmits data to
its correct destination on the network.
 ICF
INTERNET AND COMPUTING
FUNDAMENTALS
Thank you!
CPU
 The Central
Processing Unit
Processor
 The CPU – The chip
or chips that
interpret and
execute program
instructions and
manage the
functions of input,
output, and storage
devices.
Computer Case
 Contains the major
components of the
computer. It helps
protect them.
Front of the Computer Case
Inside the Computer Case
Monitor
 A display screen to
provide “output” to
the user. It is
where you view the
information your are
working on.
Video Card
 Connects the computer
to the monitor. It is a
circuit board attached
to the motherboard that
contains the memory
and other circuitry
necessary to send
information to the
monitor for display on
screen.
Keyboard
 Used to enter
information into the
computer and for
giving commands.
Mouse
 An input device
operated by rolling its
ball across a flat
surface. The mouse is
used to control the on-
screen pointer by
pointing and clicking,
double-clicking, or
dragging objects on the
screen.
Touchpad
 A pressure-sensitive
and motion sensitive
device used in place
of a mouse.
CD Rom Drive
 The drive that plays
CDs and reads data
that has been stored
on the CD.
CD
 Compact Disk – A
type of optical
storage device.
Floppy Disk Drive
 A device that holds
a removable floppy
disk when in use;
read/write heads
read and write data
to the diskette.
Hard Disk
 Magnetic storage
device in the
computer.
RAM
 Random Access Memory
RAM is a computer’s
temporary memory,
which exists as chips on
the motherboard near
the CPU. It stores data
or programs while they
are being used and
requires power.
Printer
 An output device
that produces a hard
copy on paper. It
gives information to
the user in printed
form.
Barcode Reader
 An input device that
converts a pattern
of printed bars into
a number that a
computer can read.
They are often used
by businesses to
quickly input price
and product
information.
Scanner
 A device that allows
pictures to be placed
into a computer.
Microphone
 Allows the user to
record sounds as
input to their
computer.
Speakers
 Used to generate or
reproduce voice,
music, and other
sounds.
Sound Card
 Connects the
speakers and
microphone to the
computer.
Modem
 The place where the
computer is
connected to the
phone line.
Network Card
 A circuit board that
connects the
computer to the rest
of the network
usually using special
cables.
Software
 Programs that tell
the computer what
to do. It provides
instructions that the
CPU will need to
carry out.
DOS
 Disk Operating System
This software connects the hardware with the
programs you want to run.

MS-DOS:

Microsoft DOS (Disk Operating System) is a

command line user interface. MS-DOS 1.0
was released in 1981 for IBM computers.
Example of MS-DOS
Windows
 A family of operating
systems developed and
produced by Microsoft
Corp. It provides a
software graphical user
interface (GUI) used on
IBM and compatible
computers.
Example of Windows (GUI)