SPEED AND ROTATION

CONTROL OF A 3-PH
INDUCTION MOTOR
USING AFD & PIC.
 TEAM MEMBERS:
 MOHD MARGOOB 1604-19-734-301
 MOHD INZIMAM GHORI 1604-19-734-302
 ASFIYA TABASSUM 1604-19-734-034
 RABAAB FATIMA 1604-19-734-032

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 CONTENTS
*INTRODUCTION *OBJECTIVE

*METHODOLOGY *SCOPE OF THE

PROJECT
*INTRODUCTION *DESCRIPTION

*COMPONENTS *SCADA

*SCADA’S *SCADA’S FEATURES

IMPORTANCE
*WORKING OF PROJECT *MERITS & DEMERITS

*FUTURE SCOPE 3
 INTRODUCTION

This project presents a remote controlling and monitoring system

for a three phase induction motor based on wireless
communication with the help of a IOT device and a Wi-Fi module,
for safe and economic data communication in industrial fields. A
module. Here the processing unit also communicates with the Wi-
Fi module, which acts as a server in order to send information to
the client for remote monitoring.
The information sent by the server is available through an
application which can be opened either in any phone or computer.
The system also presents the automatic and manual control
methods to stop or start the induction machine to avoid system
failures. In addition to the control methods, the system also allows
to change the speed of the induction motor. The control methods is
also available in the application.

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 OBJECTIVES
• To control the speed of the induction motor by varying frequency.
• To control forward and reverse rotation of the induction motor by
using IOT controller.
• To limit the power consumption and make the system power
efficient.
• To make industries move towards automation.

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 METHODOLOGY
The following methodology is took upon in order to carry out the
specified objectives:
• Primary study of induction motor as well as analysis of current and
voltage and speed control .
• Design of schematic for the speed and frequency control.
• Programming in Ladder logic software for the Programmable Logic
Controller.
• Monitoring the speed and direction of three phase induction motor
using PLC.
• Design of Hardware of proposed project.

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 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

In this project, there is provision of remotely observing the current,

voltage, direction and speed of the induction motor, switching on or off
of the motor and changing the speed of the induction motor; all through
the application. This project is microcontroller based and is easily
controllable.

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CIRCUIT MODEL

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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COMPONENTS
The components involved in this project are as follows:
 Miniature circuit breaker
 Three phase induction motor
 PLC
 Thermal overload relay
 Electro magnetic contactor
 SMPS
 AFD

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MINIATURE CIRCUIT
BREAKER  Itprotection.
has short circuit protection and overload
 We are using here 4 pole MCB 3 poles are required
for the power and the last pole is required for the
Neutral control.

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ELECTRO MAGNETIC CONTRACTOR
 IT IS A THREE PHASE SWITCHING DEVICE USED FOR CONTROLLING
THE MOTOR
 CONTACTOR DOES’NT HAVE ANY SHORT CIRCUIT OR OVER LOAD
PROTECTION IT IS JUST A 3 PHASE SWITCH
 THE WORKING OF A CONTACTOR CAN BE DONE THROUGH
TERMINALS A1 AND A2 WCHICH ARE USED FOR CONTROLING THE
SUPPLY OF THE MOTOR

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THERMAL OVER LOAD RELAY
 OVERLOAD RELAY IS USED FOR INTERNAL PROTECTION OF THE MOTOR
THIS RELAY PROVIDES US WITH PRECIESED protection of the motor

over load relay has adjustable overload protection the overload ampere of relay can be
adjusted by varying provided nob on the relay

it also provide signal to the PLC in case of overload

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SINGLE PHASE PREVENTER RELAY
 A single-phase preventer relay is a control device that
detects any failure in phase supply and energizes its
auxiliary relay contacts.
 This relay is used to provide 3 protections

phase unbalance

phase failure

phase reversal

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PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)

Also known as programmable controller is an industrial digital

computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control
of manufacturing processes, such as assembly
lines, robotic devices, or any activity that requires high
reliability, ease of programming, and process fault diagnosis.
PLCs can range from small modular devices with tens of inputs
and outputs (I/O), in a housing integral with the processor, to
large rack-mounted modular devices with thousands of I/O, and
which are often networked to other PLC and SCADA systems.
They can be designed for many arrangements of digital and
analog I/O, extended temperature ranges, immunity
to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact.
Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in
battery-backed-up or non-volatile memory.

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3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

 The three-phase AC induction motor is a rotating electric

machine that is designed to operate on a three-phase
supply. This 3 phase motor is also called as an
asynchronous motor. These AC motors are of two
types: squirrel and slip-ring type induction motors. The
principle of operation of this motor is based on the
production of a rotating magnetic field.

Where = synchronous speed

= Frequency
= no. of poles

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3 Phase Induction Motor Construction
These three-phase motors consist of a stator and a rotor and between which
no electrical connection exists. These stator and rotors are constructed with
the use of high-magnetic core materials in order to reduce hysteresis and
eddy current losses.

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 Stator frame can be constructed using cast iron, aluminum, or rolled steel. The
stator frame provides necessary mechanical protection and support for stator
laminated core, windings, and other arrangements for ventilation. The stator is
wounded with three-phase windings which are overlapped with one another at a
120-degree phase shift fitted into slotted laminations. The six ends of the three
windings are brought out and connected to the terminal box so that these
windings are excited by three-phase main supply.
 These windings are of copper wire insulated with varnish fitted into insulated
slotted laminations. At all working temperatures, this impregnated varnish
remains rigid. These windings have high-insulation resistance and high
resistance to the saline atmosphere, moisture, alkaline fumes, oil, and grease, etc.
Whichever suits the voltage level, these windings are connected in either star or
delta connections

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 The rotor of the three-phase AC induction motor is different for the
slip-ring and squirrel-cage induction motors. The rotor in the slip-ring
type consists of heavy aluminum or copper bars shorted on both
ends of the cylindrical rotor. The shaft of the induction motor is
supported on two bearings at each ends to ensure free rotating within
the stator and to reduce the friction. It consists of a stack of steel
laminations evenly spaced slots that are punched around of its
circumference into which un-insulated heavy aluminum or copper
bars are placed.
 A slip-ring-type rotor consists of three-phase windings that are
internally starred at one end, and the other ends are brought outside
and connected to the slip rings mounted on the rotor shaft. And for
developing a high-starting torque these windings are connected to
rheostat with the help of carbon brushes. This external resistor or
rheostat is used at the starting period only. Once the motor attains
the normal speed, the brushes are short-circuited, and the wound
rotor works as a squirrel cage rotor.

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SMPS
SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY
Switched Mode Power Supply uses a switching regulator to convert electric
power efficiently. SMPS transfers electric power from a source ( AC mains)
to the load by converting the characteristics of current and voltage. SMPS
always provide a well regulated power to the load irrespective of the input
variations.

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VFD(VARIABLE FREQUENCY
DRIVE)
A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in electro-
mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor
input frequency and, depending on topology, to control
associated voltage or current variation.[1][2][3][4][5] VFDs may also be known as
'AFDs' (adjustable-frequency drives), 'ASDs' (adjustable-speed drives), 'VSDs'
(variable-speed drives), 'AC drives', 'micro drives', 'inverter drives' or, simply,
'drives'.

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 LADDER LOGIC
• Ladder logic can be thought of as a rule-based language rather than a procedural
language. A "rung" in the ladder represents a rule. When implemented with relays and
other electromechanical devices, the various rules execute simultaneously and
immediately. When implemented in a programmable logic controller, the rules are
typically executed sequentially by software in a continuous loop, or scan.
• The motivation for representing sequential control logic in a ladder diagram was to allow
factory engineers and technicians to develop software without additional training to learn
a language such as FORTRAN or other general purpose computer language.
• Ladder logic is widely used to program PLCs, where sequential control of a process or
manufacturing operation is required. Ladder logic is useful for simple but critical control
systems or for reworking old hardwired relay circuits. As programmable logic controllers
became more sophisticated it has also been used in very complex automation systems.

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LADDER LOGIC OF THE
PROJECT
The ladder logic which shown above is for operating the parameters
i.e.,Forward direction, Reverse direction , low speed and High speed
it has NO's and NC's logics on that basis it works.
When no parameter input are given , the contactor coils are basically
unlatched (deenergized) . when any one input is given the contactor
coils get latched (energized). The NO terminals gets closed and the
NC terminals gets opened . we one give only one input at a time i.e,
if one parameter is operating the other parameter cannot be
operated , this can be achieved by electrical interlocking of
contactors

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SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA
ACQUSITION (SCADA)
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Supervisory HMI and SCADA solution that enables you to
quickly create standardized, reusable visualization
applications and then deploy them across your entire
enterprise without having to leave your office. Used in over
one-third of the world’s industrial facilities, InTouch
software continues to deliver business value by helping
you: InTouch Goes Beyond the Ordinary HMI • Maximize
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Accelerate Operator Training • Increase your Agility •
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Securely Access your System from Any Smart Device, Any
Time, Anywhere

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 WORKING OF PROJECT
 IN THIS PROJECT WE ARE INTEGRATING MANUAL AS WELL AS AUTOMATED
CONTROL OF THE MOTORS

 THE AUTOMATION OF THE PROJECT IS DONE THROUGH PLC AND SCADA

 THE OPERATION OF THE MOTOR CAN BE CONTROLLED AND MONITORED

THROUGH THROUGH PLC AND SCADA

 IF ANY FAULT OR INCONVENIENCE HAPPENS IT CAN RECTIFIED OR

MONITORED THROUGH SCADA

 If we use AFD we does not require external relay protection (overload relay,
overcurrent relay, phase failure, phase reversal). These all protections are
integrated in AFD itself. Through external mode we can vary four parameters .
They are
1. Low speed
2. High speed
3. Forward direction
4. Reverse direction

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 MERITS
 IT PROVIDES REMOTE CONTROL OF THE MOTOR PARAMETERS WHICH
INTERN PROVIDES HUMAN SAFETY
 IT PROVIDES OVERALL PROTECTION OF THE MOTOR AND COMPLETE
HISTORY OF THE MOTOR CAN BE MONITORED WHICH RESULTS IN
INCREASING OVERALL LIFE SPAN OF THE MOTOR
 THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF PLC IS THAT IT CAN BE RE-PROGRAMMED IF ANY
CHANGES IN THE MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS, THE WHOLE SETUP SHOULDN’T
BE CHANGED ONLY PROGRAM THE MODIFICATION OF PROGRAM BE
REQUIRED
 HUMAN INTERFERENCE IS REDUCED WHICH INTERN INCREASES THE
PRODUT QUANTITY & QUALITY

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 DEMERITS
 INITIAL CAPITAL COST FOR PLC AND SCADA IS HIGH
 PLC PROGRAMMING IS A CHALLENGING JOB
 IT HAS AN INDIRECT IMPACT ON UNEMPLOYMENT BECAUSE HUMAN
INTERFERENCE IS REPLACED BY AUTOMATION

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FUTURE SCOPE
 IOT BASED SYSTEM CAN BE INTEGRATED FOR
THE WIRELESS OPERATION OF THE DEVICES
 IOT CONTROL ENABLES US TO CONTROL THE
MOTOR PARAMETERS WITH SMART-PHONES

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THANK YOU