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Digital ImageProcessing-color Image Processing

This document provides an overview of digital image processing and color image processing. It discusses the objectives of the course, which are to describe and explain basic principles of digital image processing and design algorithms for tasks like noise removal, image enhancement, image compression and image segmentation. It also covers color fundamentals, different color models including RGB, CMY, CMYK and HSI, and how to convert between color models.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

66 views89 pages

Digital ImageProcessing-color Image Processing

Uploaded by

career Point Basti

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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COL LEGE OF E N GI N E ER I N G ROOR K EE

Established in 1998

Digital Image Processing (TCS-071)

Session: 2020-21

Digital Image Processing

COURSE OBJECTIVE

The aim of this course is,

 Describe and explain basic principles of digital image
processing.
 Design and implement algorithms that perform basic image
processing (e.g. noise removal and image enhancement).
 Design and implement algorithms for advanced image
analysis (e.g. image compression, image segmentation).
 Assess the performance of image processing algorithms and
systems.

Digital Image Processing

Digital Image Processing
Color Image Processing

Digital Image Processing

Color Image Processing

Color Image Processing:-

 Color is a powerful descriptor that often
simplifies object identification and extraction
from a scene.
 Human can discern thousands of color shades
and intensities, compared to about only two
dozen shades of gray.

Digital Image Processing

Preview

Digital Image Processing

Preview

Digital Image Processing

Color Image Processing

 Color image processing is divide into two major

area:
 Full-Color Processing: images are acquired
with a full-color sensor, such as a color TV
camera or color scanner.
 Pseudo-Color Processing: The problem is one of
assigning a color to a particular monochrome
intensity or range of intensities.

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals

The experiment of Sir Isaac Newton, in 1666.

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)c

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals
• Colors are seen as variable combinations of the primary color s of light:
red (R), green (G), and blue (B).

• The primary colors can be mixed to produce the secondary colors:

magenta (red+blue), cyan (green+blue), and yellow (red+green).

• Mixing the three primaries, or a secondary with its opposite primary color,
produces white light.

Primary and secondary colors of light

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals
• However, the primary colors of pigments are cyan (C),
magenta (M), and yellow (Y), and the secondary colors are
red, green, and blue.
• A proper combination of the three pigment primaries, or a
secondary with its opposite primary, produces black.

Primary and secondary colors of pigments

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)c

 Basic quantities to describe the quality of light source:

 Radiance: Total amount of energy that flows from the
light source (in W).
 Luminance: A measure of the amount of energy an
observer perceives from the light source (in lm)
 Brightness: A subjective descriptor that embodies the
achromatic notion of intensity and is practical
impossible to measure.

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)

Standard wavelength values for the

primary colors

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)

 The characteristics generally used to distinguish one color

from another are Brightness, Hue, and Saturation.
 Hue: Represents dominant color as perceive by an
observer.
 Saturation: Relative purity or the amount of white light
mixed with a hue

 Hue and saturation taken together are called Chromaticity,

and therefore, a color may be characterized by its Brightness
and Chromaticity.

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)

 Tri-stimulus values: The amount of Red, Green and Blue

needed to form any particular color
Denoted by: X, Y and Z

 Tri-chromatic coefficient:

X Y Z
x y z
X Y  Z X Y  Z X Y  Z

x  y  z 1

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)

Chromaticity Diagram

Green Point =
62% green,
25% red,
13% blue.

Digital Image Processing

Color Fundamentals (con’t)

Color Gamut
produced by RGB
monitors

Color Gamut
produced by high
quality color printing
device

Digital Image Processing

Color characteristics

The characteristics used to distinguish one color

from another are:
 Brightness: means the amount of intensity
(i.e. color level).
 Hue: represents dominant color as perceived
by an observer.
 Saturation: refers to the amount of white light
mixed with a hue.

Digital Image Processing

Color Models
 The purpose of a color model (also called color space
or color system) is to facilitate the specification of
colors in some standard, generally accept way.
 RGB (red,green,blue) : monitor, video camera.
 CMY(cyan,magenta,yellow),CMYK (CMY, black) model for
color printing.
 and HSI model,which corresponds closely with the way
humans describe and interpret color.

Digital Image Processing

The RGB color model
• In this model, each color appears in its primary colors red,
green, and blue.
• This model is based on a Cartesian coordinate system.
• The color subspace is the cube shown in the figure below.
• The different colors in this model are points on or inside the
cube, and are defined by vectors extending from the origin.

Digital Image Processing

The RGB color model…
• All color values R, G, and B have been normalized in the range [0, 1].
However, we can represent each of R, G, and B from 0 to 255.
• Each RGB color image consists of three component images, one for each
primary color as shown in the figure below. These three images are
combined on the screen to produce a color image.

Scheme of RGB color image

Digital Image Processing
The RGB color model…
• The total number of bits used to represent each pixel in RGB image is
called pixel depth.
• For example, in an RGB image if each of the red, green, and blue images is
an 8-bit image, the pixel depth of the RGB image is 24-bits.
• The figure below shows the component images of an RGB image.

Full color Red Green Blue

A full-color image and its RGB component images

Digital Image Processing

The RGB Color Models

Digital Image Processing

The RGB Color Models (con’t)

Digital Image Processing

The RGB Color Models (con’t)

Digital Image Processing

The RGB Color Models (con’t)

Safe RGB Colors (Safe Web colors)

Digital Image Processing

The RGB Color Models (con’t)

Digital Image Processing

The CMY and CMYK Color Models

 Cyan, Magenta and Yellow are the secondary colors

of light
 Most devices that deposit colored pigments on
paper, such as color printers and copiers, require CMY
data input.

 C  1  R 
 M   1  G 
    
 Y  1  B 
where, all color values have been normalized to the range [0, 1].

Digital Image Processing

The CMY and CMYK Color Models
 In printing, combining equal amounts of cyan, magenta, and yellow
produce muddy-looking black.
 In order to produce true black, a fourth color, black, is added, giving rise to
the CMYK color model.

Full color Cyan Magenta

Yellow

A full-color image and its

Black
CMYK component images

Digital Image Processing

The HSI color model
• The RGB and CMY color models are not suited for describing colors in terms
of human interpretation. When we view a color object, we describe it by its
hue, saturation, and brightness (intensity).
• Hence the HSI color model has been presented. The HSI model decouples
the intensity component from the color-carrying information (hue and
saturation) in a color image.
• This model is an ideal tool for developing color image processing
algorithms.
• The hue, saturation, and intensity values can be obtained from the RGB
color cube. That is, we can convert any RGB point to a corresponding point
is the HSI color model by working out the geometrical formulas.

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models
 Converting colors from RGB to HSI

 if B  G
H 
360   if B  G
 1 
[( R  G )  ( R  B )]
1  2 
  cos  1/ 2 
 [( R  G ) 2
 ( R  B )( G  B )] 
 
3
S  1 [min( R, G, B )]
( R  G  B)
1
I  ( R  G  B)
3
Digital Image Processing
The HSI Color Models

 Converting colors from HIS to

RGB
 RG sector : 0  H  120

B  I (1  S )

 S cos H 
R  I 1  
 cos( 60 
 H ) 

G  3I  ( R  B )

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models

 Converting colors from HIS to

RGB
 GB sector : 120  H  240

H  H  120
R  I (1  S )
 S cos H 
G  I 1  
 cos( 60 
 H ) 
B  3I  ( R  G )

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models

 Converting colors from HIS to

RGB
 BR sector : 240  H  360

H  H  240
G  I (1  S )
 S cos H 
B  I 1  
 cos( 60 
 H ) 
R  3I  (G  B )

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models

Digital Image Processing

The HSI Color Models
RGB H H S

S I I RGB

Digital Image Processing

Pseudocolor Image Processing

 Pseudocolor (also called false color) image processing

consists of assigning colors to gray values based on a
specified criterion.

 The principal use of pseudocolor is for human visualization

and interpretation of gray-scale events in an image or
sequence of images.

Digital Image Processing

Intensity Slicing

Digital Image Processing

Intensity Slicing (con’t)

Digital Image Processing

Intensity Slicing (con’t)