STEM CELLS AND DENTISTRY-

“TWO FIELDS CONTRIBUTING

MUTUALLY TO EACH
OTHER !!!”

AUTHORS:
Dr.N.Vaishnavi Dhanvantri, Girija L.V. , Dr. Shanti
Priya .S, Binita Kumari, Sanjita Sharma. B

GUIDE: Dr.H.Devaraj, Professor , Dept. of zoology,

PG Diploma Stem cell Technology and Tissue
Engineering, University of Madras, Chennai.
 INTRODUCTION
 Today, the two different fields, STEM CELL
TECHNOLOGY AND DENTISTRY contribute
mutually to each other.

 Many studies have demonstrated that the pluripotent

cells isolated from human teeth can self-replicate and
can differentiate, under experimental conditions, into
many specialized cell types.

 They are not only derived from a very accessible

tissue resource but also capable of providing enough
cells for potential clinical applications in Medicine
and Dentistry.
 AIM:

 This poster is aimed to review the body of

knowledge relating to Tooth derived stem cells
and to consider the possibility of these cell
populations, and related technology in future
clinical applications in Dentistry.
TOOTH DERIVED STEM CELLS
DIFFERENTIATION POTENTIAL OF TOOTH
DERIVED STEM CELLS:

 ODONTOBLASTS
 OSTEOBLASTS
 CHONDROCYTES
 MYOCYTES
 NEURAL CELLS
 ADIPOCYTES
 CORNEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS
 MELANOMA CELLS
 ISLET LIKE CELLS
 i PS CELLS
Differentiation of DPSCs to
endodermal and
mesodermal tissues :

A. Image by RX of the third molar.

B. Cellular morphology of DPPSCs from dental
pulp.
E. Scanning Electron microscope image of Cell
Carrier 3D glass scaffold used for both
differentiations.
F. Scanning Electron microscopy image of 3D
differentiation for 21 days into mesoderm
tissues, including bone like tissue, collagen
(white arrow), and cortical (green arrow)
structures.
G. Scanning Electron microscope image of 3D
endoderm differentiation after 21 days on a Cell
Carrier 3D glass scaffold. Hepatic-like cells with
large and small open pores that have a fenestra-
like appearance (white arrow), ultra structure of
sinusoidal endothelial cells (green arrow) the
surface of sinusoidal endothelial cells
 Phenotypic changes during the ten day
differentiation procedure of Islet like cell
Aggregates
Neurogenic Differentiation
Results suggesting that DPSCs
from Huntington monkeys retain
ASC properties.

Thus, DPSCs derived from

individuals with genetic disorders
such as HD could be a potential
source of personal stem cells for
therapeutic purposes.
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT
STEM CELLS
REPROGRAMMED FROM
DPCs:

Defined sets of transcriptional

factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-
Myc) can reprogram human
somatic cells to induced
pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
However, many types of human
cells are not easily accessible to
minimally invasive procedures.

Dental pulp cells (DPCs) are an

optimal source of iPS cells, since
they are easily obtained from
extracted teeth and can be
expanded under simple culture
conditions.
iPS-DPCs expressing
ES cell-specific
markers:

•Endogenous Oct3/4, Sox2, and

Nanog were expressed in all the
iPS-DP lines, as well as in
human ES cells and iPS-HDF,
but not in DPCs.
 POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF
STEM CELLS IN DENTISTRY

 In the dental profession, Dentists treat a myriad of

trauma, congenital anomalies and diseases,
including tissue defects resulting from dental caries,
periodontal bone defects or facial bone defects.

 Stem cell research and development will, over time,

transform dental practice in a magnitude far
greater than restorations or dental implants.
 STEM CELLS- FOR THE TREATMENT OF:
 Dental Defects- Regeneration of Dentin and Pulp

 Alveolar Defects- Tissue Engineering Alveolar Bone

 Periodontal Diseases- Regeneration of PDL ligament

 Tooth Loss- by Bioengineering Functional Tooth

 Craniofacial Defects

 Congenital Anomalies

 Salivary Gland Disorders

BIOENGINEERING FUNCTIONAL TOOTH:

 “The first step towards future

organ replacement therapies…..”
Eruption and occlusion of a
bioengineered tooth
Nerve supply
HARDNESS
Response to Mechanical Stress
THE BIOENGINEERED TOOTH HAS THE
CORRECT-

 tooth structure

 hardness of mineralized tissues for mastication,

 response to noxious stimulations such as mechanical

stress and pain in cooperation with other oral and
maxillofacial tissues.

“ Thus, emphasizing the potential for bioengineered

organ replacement in future regenerative therapies.”
 REGENERATING VASCULARIZED
HUMAN DENTAL PULP AND DENTIN USING
SCAFFOLDS :

 Tooth-like tissues have been generated by the seeding

of different cell types on biodegradable scaffolds.

 A common methodology is to harvest cells, expand

and differentiate cells in vitro, seed cells onto
scaffolds, and implant them in vivo.

 The scaffolds are implanted into extracted tooth

socket or the jaw or placed in prepared root canals of
teeth, thus regenerating a pulp, dentin or the whole
tooth.
Dental pulp regeneration and maturation
of damaged young tooth
 Histological analysis of in
vivo pulp/dentin
regeneration using DPSCs
 CONCLUSION:
Adult human Tooth derived stem cells provide a readily
accessible source of exogenous stem cells that have the potential for
use in cell therapeutic paradigms to treat various medical conditions
and diseases including diabetes and neurological diseases. With the
advent of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem
cells, biological therapies have paved the way to utilize stem cells,
delivered or internally recruited, to generate dental tissues( dentin,
pulp, PDL) and have also brought the possibility of bioengineering
fully functional tooth .

Thus, “Stem Cells and Dentistry”, the two very different

fields, contribute a lot to each other and will continue to do so for
many years to come .Together, they will provide us an innovative
new generation of clinical treatments for medical and dental
diseases.
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THANK
YOU