The philosophy of Philippine education has changed throughout history to reflect different colonizers' agendas. During pre-colonial times, informal communal education emphasized practical skills and cultural traditions. Under Spanish rule, religious and Eurocentric schooling aimed to convert and assimilate Filipinos. Americans established a standardized public school system using English, but access remained limited. Colonial powers influenced education ideologies, though current reforms seek a more inclusive approach honoring indigenous heritage.
The philosophy of Philippine education has changed throughout history to reflect different colonizers' agendas. During pre-colonial times, informal communal education emphasized practical skills and cultural traditions. Under Spanish rule, religious and Eurocentric schooling aimed to convert and assimilate Filipinos. Americans established a standardized public school system using English, but access remained limited. Colonial powers influenced education ideologies, though current reforms seek a more inclusive approach honoring indigenous heritage.
The philosophy of Philippine education has changed throughout history to reflect different colonizers' agendas. During pre-colonial times, informal communal education emphasized practical skills and cultural traditions. Under Spanish rule, religious and Eurocentric schooling aimed to convert and assimilate Filipinos. Americans established a standardized public school system using English, but access remained limited. Colonial powers influenced education ideologies, though current reforms seek a more inclusive approach honoring indigenous heritage.
The philosophy of Philippine education has changed throughout history to reflect different colonizers' agendas. During pre-colonial times, informal communal education emphasized practical skills and cultural traditions. Under Spanish rule, religious and Eurocentric schooling aimed to convert and assimilate Filipinos. Americans established a standardized public school system using English, but access remained limited. Colonial powers influenced education ideologies, though current reforms seek a more inclusive approach honoring indigenous heritage.
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF
PHILIPPINE EDUCATION PRE- COLONIAL PERIOD • No establish formal schooling. • No formal preparation for teachers too. • Parents or tribal leaders served as teachers at home (Babaylan or Katalonan) • Livelihood/ Household chores/ how to be good husband/wife PRE- COLONIAL PERIOD
During the pre-colonial period, education in the Philippines was
primarily informal and communal. The emphasis was on practical skills, oral traditions, and values such as respect for elders, courage, and hospitality. Communities had a system of imparting knowledge and skills from one generation to another. The babaylan or the community shamans and elders played a crucial role in passing on knowledge, teaching traditions, and cultural practices to the younger members of the tribe. Children learned survival skills, farming, fishing, weaving, and other essential tasks by observing and participating in the daily lives of their families and communities. The education was holistic, aiming to develop the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of the individual. SPANISH ERA • Formal and organized but authoritarian. • Highly- religion centered (songs, doctrine, confession, communion). • Teachers- Spanish missionaries. • Free public school system- established (Educational Decree of 1863) • Boys and Girls had separate schools. SPANISH ERA The arrival of the Spanish colonizers in the 16th century brought significant changes to the education system in the Philippines. The Spanish colonial government aimed to propagate Christianity and convert the native population to Catholicism. To achieve this, they established the educational system to serve the interests of the church and the colonial administration. The Spanish missionaries introduced formal education through the establishment of schools and universities. Education was primarily religious and aimed at teaching Christianity to the native population. The friars also used education as a means of maintaining their control over the local population, often using it as a tool for indoctrination and social control. SPANISH ERA The curriculum in these schools was heavily influenced by Spanish culture and language. The goal was to assimilate the Filipino population into the Spanish culture and way of life. Spanish became the medium of instruction, and the European curriculum was adopted, with subjects like reading, writing, arithmetic, and Christian doctrine being taught in the schools. The educational system was limited to the elite and the clergy, and the content of education was highly Eurocentric, neglecting the rich indigenous knowledge and culture of the Philippines. This led to the marginalization of indigenous languages and cultures, and the perpetuation of a colonial mentality that still affects the country today. AMERICAN ERA • American soldiers are the first teachers. • Free tuition, books, paper and pencil. • Thomasites- a group of teachers from United States • Revised the curriculum and English is the medium of instruction • Department of Public Instruction set up a 3 level school: 7 years in elementary curriculum( 3 years in primary, 4 years in intermediate ) 2 years for Junior HS and another 4 years in College • American Colonial Government sent first group of Filipino scholar or called Pensionados. AMERICAN ERA The American occupation, which followed the Spanish era, brought further changes to the Philippine education system. The Americans sought to establish a new educational system guided by their principles of public education and democracy. The Thomasites, a group of American teachers, were sent to the Philippines to establish a public school system. This marked the beginning of a more formal and structured system of education in the country. AMERICAN ERA Under the American rule, English became the medium of instruction, and the American-style curriculum was introduced. The focus was on liberal arts, sciences, and vocational education. The aim was to prepare the Filipino population for the American way of life and to serve as a source of skilled labor for the American colonial economy. The educational system was largely centralized and standardized, with an emphasis on rote memorization and standardized testing, which was a departure from the more communal and holistic approach of pre-colonial education. AMERICAN ERA
Despite the introduction of a more formalized education system,
access to education remained limited, especially in rural areas and among the lower socioeconomic classes. The American colonial government also used education as a tool for political and cultural assimilation, promoting American values, ideals, and language at the expense of indigenous languages and traditions. This further contributed to the erosion of indigenous knowledge and cultural identity. In summary, the philosophy of Philippine education has undergone significant changes throughout its history, reflecting the influences of different colonizers and their respective agendas. From the communal and practical approach of the pre- colonial period to the religious and Eurocentric focus of the Spanish era, and finally to the Americanization and standardization of the educational system, these historical periods have shaped the current state of education in the Philippines. Despite these influences, efforts are being made to reclaim and integrate indigenous knowledge and culture into the modern educational system, recognizing the need for a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to education.
