REGIONS OF

AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL
CURVE
 NORMAL
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
 Learning Competencies:

1.) Illustrates a normal random

variable and its characteristics.
2.) Constructs a normal curve.
3.) Identifies regions under the
normal curve corresponding to
different standard normal values.
 Learning Competencies:

4.) Converts a normal random

variable to a standard normal
variable and vice versa.
5.) Computes probabilities and
percentiles using the standard
normal table.
 Normal PROBABILITY
Distribution
 it is a probability
distribution of continuous
random variable.
 it is also called Gaussian
distribution.
The normal curve has a very
important role in inferential
statistics. It provides a graphical
representation of statistical
values that are needed in
describing the characteristics of
population as well as in making
decisions.
It is defined by an
equation that uses
population mean, and
the standard deviation, .
 PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
1. The distribution curve is bell-
shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about
its center.
3. The mean, median, and mode
coincide at the center.
 PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

4. The width of the curve is

determined by the standard
deviation of the distribution.
 PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

5. The tails of the curve flatten out

indefinitely along the horizontal axis,
always approaching the axis but never
touching it. That is, the curve is
asymptotic to the base line.
 PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

6. The area under the curve is 1.

Thus, it represents the probability or
proportion or the percentage
associated with specific sets of
measurement values.
Additional:
7.) In general, the graph of a normal
distribution is a bell-shaped curve with
two inflection points, one on the left
and another on the right. Inflection
points are the points that mark the
change in the curve’s concavity.
Inflection Points
 is the point at which a change in the
direction of curve at mean minus standard
deviation and mean plus standard
deviation.
Note that each inflection point of the
normal curve is one standard deviation
away from the mean.
Additional:
8.) Every normal curve corresponds to
the “empirical rule” (also called the 68 -
95 - 99.7% rule):
• about 68.3% of the
area under the curve
falls within 1 standard
deviation of the mean
Additional:
8.) Every normal curve corresponds to
the “empirical rule” (also called the 68 -
95 - 99.7% rule):
• about 95.4% of
the area under
the curve falls
within 2 standard
deviations of the
mean
Additional:
8.) Every normal curve corresponds to
the “empirical rule” (also called the 68 -
95 - 99.7% rule):
• about 99.7% of
the area under
the curve falls
within 3 standard
deviations of the
mean.
Example:
Suppose the mean is 60 and the
standard deviation is 5, sketch a normal
curve for the distribution. This is how it
would look like.
Example:
A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard
deviation of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and
find the probability of the following:
Example:
A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard
deviation of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and
find the probability of the following:
Seatwork:
A continuous random variable X is
normally distributed with a mean of
56.3 and standard deviation of 7.2.
Illustrate a normal curve and find its
probability.
 THE STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE
The Standard Normal
Curve is a normal distribution
that is most commonly used
as a model for inferential
statistics.
The equation that describes a normal curve is:

where:
Y = height of the curve particular values of X
X = any score in the distribution
= standard deviation of the population
= mean of the population
= 3.1416
e = 2.7183
A standard normal curve is a normal
probability distribution that has a mean and a
standard deviation .
The Table of Areas under the
Normal Curve is also known
as the z-Table. The z-score is
a measure of relative
standing.
 FOUR-STEP IN FINDING THE AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE GIVEN A Z-SCORE
1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit
form.
2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits
on the left column.
3. Match the third digit with the appropriate
column on the right.
4. Read the area (or probability) at the
intersection of the row and the column. This
is the required area.
1. Find the area that
corresponds to z = 1.
STEPS SOLUTION

1. Express the given into a z = 1.00

three digit form.
2. In the table, find the row z = Refer to the z-table.
1.0
3. In the table, find the column Refer to the z-table.
with the heading .00.
4. Read the area (or This area is 0.3413. This is the
probability) at the intersection required area.
of Row 1.0 and the column .00.
2. Find the area that
corresponds to z = 1.36
STEPS SOLUTION

1. Express the given into a three z = 1.36 (as is)

digit form.
2. In the table, find the row z = Refer to the z-table.
1.3
3. In the table, find the column Refer to the z-table.
with the heading .06.
4. Read the area (or This area is 0.4131. This is the
probability) at the intersection required area.
of Row 1.3 and the column .06.
3. Find the area that
corresponds to z = -2.58.
STEPS SOLUTION

1. Express the given into a z = 2.58

three digit form.
2. In the table, find the row z = Refer to the z-table.
2.5
3. In the table, find the column Refer to the z-table.
with the heading .08.
4. Read the area (or This area is 0.4951. This is the
probability) at the intersection required area.
of Row 2.5 and the
column .08.
UNDERSTANDING
THE Z-SCORES
Z-score is stated to be a measure of
relative standing. These scores
represent distances from the center
measured in standard deviation
units. There are six z-scores at the
baseline of the normal curve: three z-
scores to the left of the mean and
three z-scores to the right of the
mean.
The areas under the
normal curve are given in
terms of z-values or
scores. Either the z-score
locates the X within a
sample or within a
population.
 (z-score for population data)

(z-score for sample data)

where:
X = given measurement
= population mean
= population standard deviation
= sample mean
s = sample standard deviation
Raw scores may be composed of
large values, but large values cannot
be accommodated at the base line of
the normal curve. So, we have to
transform into scores for
convenience without sacrificing
meanings associated with the raw
scores.
1. Reading Scores
Given the mean, and the
standard deviation, of a
population of Reading Scores.
Find the z-value that corresponds
to a score of X = 58.
 STEPS SOLUTION
1. Use the computing formula for
finding z-scores of population data.

2. Check the given values. Since , , X = 58

these are population values, the z-
score locates the X within a
population.

3. Substitute the given values in the

computing formula.

4. Compute the z-value

Thus, the z-value that corresponds
to the raw score 58 is 2 in a
population distribution.
2. Score in PE
Locate the z-value that
corresponds to a PE score of
39 given that and .
 STEPS SOLUTION
1. Use the computing formula for finding
z-scores of population data.
2. Check the given values. Since these , , X = 39
are population values, the z-score
locates the X within a population.
3. Substitute the given values in the
computing formula.

4. Compute the z-value

Thus, the z-value that corresponds to
the raw score 39 is -1 in a population
distribution.

With respect to the mean, the score 39 is

below the population mean. We can also
say that the score 39 is below average.
A random variable X has a
mean of 6 and a standard
deviation of 2. Find the
corresponding z-score for
x =11.
Find for the z-score and its
area on a z-table.
Given:
X=20
= 12
=3
Find for the z-score and its
area on a z-table.
Given:
X=18
= 28
=5
PERFORMANCE
TASK
One day, you are in a situation that all is in
chaos, all needs your hand. You have learning
activities that needs to be submitted, projects
that needs attention, your friend needs you
because of his/her problem, you still have
household chores that need to finish. If you are
going to divide your time so you can accomplish
all those things, which are the most important
and the least important? How are you going to
show it in a graph? Sketch a graph (bell curve)
for the better show of your answer. Explain.
Formative Assessment: Statement True False
1. Z-score is the measure of the relative standing
2. The curve is not symmetrical about its center.
3. In a normal curve, the mean, median, and mode are not
equal.
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard
deviation of the distribution.
5. The area under the curve of a normal distribution is 0.
6. A standard normal curve is a normal probability
distribution that has a standard deviation of 1.
7. The normal curve is a bell-shaped probability distribution.
8. At the base of a normal curve, there are six standard
deviations expressed as z.
9. The tails of the curve touches the baseline so that the curve
can cover 100% of the area under it.
10. The mean of the standard normal curve is 0.
 IDENTIFYING
REGIONS OF AREAS
UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
Area under the Normal Curve
Between z = 1 and z = 2
Area Under the Normal Curve Between
z = 2 and z = 3
Proportions of Areas Under the
Normal Curve
Probabilities and
Percentiles
 a and b are z-score values
P(a < z < b) denotes the
probability that the z-score is
between a and b.
P(z > a) denotes the probability
that the z-score is greater than a.
P(z < a) denotes the probability
that the z-score is less than a.
NOTE: The values given in
the table represents the
areas under the standard
normal curve from 0 (the
mean) to z. In symbols, this is
written as φ(z) = P(0 ≤ Z ≤ z).
1. Find the area under
the standard normal
curve between 0 and
2.04.
Thus, the area between 0 and 2.04 is
0.4793 or 47.93%
2. Find the area
under the normal
distribution between
-1.83 and 0.
Thus, the area between -1.83
and 0 under the normal curve is
0.4664 or 46.64%
CASE 1: Two Values on
Opposite Sides of Z = 0
When the two endpoints of the
given interval are located on opposite
sides of the mean, the individual
probabilities from 0 are added.

P (φ(φ(
CASE 2.1: Both Due Right
P (φ(φ(
CASES 2.2: Both Due Left
P (φ(φ(
1. Find the area
under the curve and
between z = -1.25
and z = 0.74.
P (φ(φ(
P(-1.25 ≤ Z ≤ 0.74) = φ(1.25) + φ(0.74)
P(-1.25 ≤ Z ≤ 0.74) = 0.3944 + 0.2703
P(-1.25 ≤ Z ≤ 0.74) = 0.6647

The area is approximately

0.6647 or 66.47%.
2. A standard normal score is
selected at random. Find the
probability that it falls
between 0.13 and 2.28.
P (φ(φ(
=φ
=
=
Thus, the probability is
0.437 or 43.7%.
3. Find the probability that a
value in the standard normal
distribution falls on the interval
(-3.06, -1.41).
P (φ(φ(
P(
=
=

Thus, there is 0.0782 or 7.82% chance

that the number falls on the given
interval.
Finding Probabilities
Involving the Normal
Curve’s Extremities
In these instances, you
either add or subtract
0.5 from the
corresponding area or
probability of the z-
score.
1. Find the probability that a
number chosen at random on the
standard normal scores is less
than 1.35
 P=
P
P=
Thus the area under the
normal curve from 1.35 and
below is 0.9115 or 91.15%
2. Find the area under
the normal curve from
2.09 and above.
 P = 0.5 - ɸ(2.09)
P = 0.5 - 0.4817
P = 0.0183
Thus the area under the
normal curve from 2.09 and
above is 0.0183 or 1.83%.
3. Find the
probability that a
standard normal
score is less than -
0.18.
 P=
P=
P=
Thus, the probability that the
score is less than 0.18 is
0.4286 or 42.86%.