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    Conditionals

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    Szymon Wójcik
    This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It explains the different types of conditionals including: 0 conditional (general truths), 1st conditional (real present), 2nd conditional (unreal present), and 3rd conditional (unreal past). Each type uses different verb tenses and structures in the if-clause and main clause. Mixed conditionals that combine types are also explained. Alternatives to using "if" such as "unless", "but for", and others are provided.

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    Conditionals

    Uploaded by

    Szymon Wójcik
    16 views11 pages
    This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It explains the different types of conditionals including: 0 conditional (general truths), 1st conditional (real present), 2nd conditional (unreal present), and 3rd conditional (unreal past). Each type uses different verb tenses and structures in the if-clause and main clause. Mixed conditionals that combine types are also explained. Alternatives to using "if" such as "unless", "but for", and others are provided.

    Original Title

    Conditionals (1)

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    This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It explains the different types of conditionals including: 0 conditional (general truths), 1st conditional (real present), 2nd conditional (unreal present), and 3rd conditional (unreal past). Each type uses different verb tenses and structures in the if-clause and main clause. Mixed conditionals that combine types are also explained. Alternatives to using "if" such as "unless", "but for", and others are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    16 views11 pages

    Conditionals

    Uploaded by

    Szymon Wójcik
    This document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It explains the different types of conditionals including: 0 conditional (general truths), 1st conditional (real present), 2nd conditional (unreal present), and 3rd conditional (unreal past). Each type uses different verb tenses and structures in the if-clause and main clause. Mixed conditionals that combine types are also explained. Alternatives to using "if" such as "unless", "but for", and others are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    CONDITIONALS

    CONDITIONALS

     CONDITION RESULT
    If clause, main clause

    Remember!
    Comma (,) after the if clause.
    No comma if you start with the main clause.
    Types of conditionals

     0 conditional
     1st conditional
     2nd conditional
     3rd conditional
     Mixed conditionals:
    - 2/1
    - 2/3
    - 3/2
    0 TYPE

     General truths, scientific facts

     Facts that are generally truth and do not change. It


    refers to the situations that always happen when the
    condition is met.

     We can often use when instead of if


    If present simple, present simple
    If past simple, past simple

    Ex.
    If you put water in the freezer, it turns into ice.
    He always got red in the face if he was angry.
    First Conditional

     (real present) true or likely to happen in the


    present or future.
    If present tense form, Future/Imperative/Modals
    (Pres. Simple/ Pres. Perfect/ Pres. Cont), (ex. will/ don’t/ can/may/must/should)

    EX.
    If we intend to pass the exam, we will have to practise English structures more.
    If you are thirsty, drink some water.
    If you have done your homework (finish the action), you can go for a walk.
    REMEMBER !

     We don’t normally use will/would/should in if-clauses.


    However, they can be used to emphasize request, annoyance,
    doubt/uncertainty or insistence.
    Ex.
    If you will/would wait, I will be back in a minute. (request)
    If you should see him, tell him I’m waiting here. (should=by any chance)

     INVERSION:
    Should you see him, tell him I’m waiting here.
    Second Conditional

     (unreal present) untrue in the present- you know


    that the condition or the result is impossible to be
    met.
     It is used to give advice
    If past simple, would/could/might + bare.inf
    Ex.
    If I liked working online, I would choose the IT career. (I don’t like it)
    If I were you, I would buy a dog. (a piece of advice)
    If I were in your shoes, I wouldn’t eat that delicious-looking piece of cake. ;)
    Remember!

     In formal English we use were instead of was


    for all persons in 2nd conditional sentences.

     Inversion:
    Were I you, I would buy a dog.
    Third Conditional

     (unreal past) imaginary situation contrary to the facts in the


    past. Both condition and result refer to the past. They are
    impossible to be met.
     It is also used to express regrets and criticism.
    If past perfect, would/could/might +have +PP (past participle)
    Ex.
    If I had known about the crisis earlier, I would have saved more money.
    Inversion:
    Had I known about the crisis earlier, I would have saved more money.
    Mixed Conditionals
     2nd/1st
    2- If they were working all day, They’ll be tired now -1
    (they were working) (they are tired)
     2nd/3rd
    2- If he were a better driver, he wouldn’t have had an accident– 3
    (he is not a good driver) (he had an accident)
     3rd/2nd
    3-If she had prepared her course better, she wouldn’t have to correct it now -2
    (she didn’t prepare it well) (she has to correct it now)
    Alternatives to ‘if’

     Unless = if not (the same meaning)


    If you do not hurry, you will be late.
    Unless you hurry, you will be late.

     But for –ing/noun


    If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have managed my work.
    But for your help, I wouldn’t have managed my work. (noun)
    If it hadn’t been for your help, I wouldn’t have managed my work.
    .
     Others: on condition that, providing, provided that, assuming,
    not…until, supposing, whether (or not), as long as, in case,
    otherwise, or else, what if, even if, if only, etc.

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