Scribd
Upload
15 views23 pages

Lecture 2 Working With Data-1

Uploaded by

Alex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views23 pages

Lecture 2 Working With Data-1

Uploaded by

Alex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

PROGRAMMING WITH C++

LECTURE 2 – WORKING WITH DATA

LECTURER: MRS. ETUNA KAMATI


CONTACTS: E.KAMATI@IUM.EDU.NA / 0818484759
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Learn how to work with data of different types in your C++ programs
• Learn how to declare and assign data to variables
• Learn how to use mathematical operators and order of precedence
DECLARING VARIABLES

• Name variables

• Use naming rules for legal class identifiers

• Variable declaration

• A statement that reserves a named memory location


• Includes:
• Data type
• Identifier
• Optional assignment operator and assigned value
• Ending semicolon
DECLARING AND USING CONSTANTS AND
VARIABLES

• Constants
• A constant, like a variable, is a memory location where a value can be stored.
• The value of a constant cannot be changed while program is running
• Constants must be initialised at creation.
• C++ has two types of constants: literal and symbolic.

• Literal constants
• Value taken literally at each use
DECLARING AND USING CONSTANTS AND
VARIABLES
• Numeric constants
• A constant declared to store a numeric value
• Unnamed constants
• No identifier is associated with it
• Named constants
• Has a data type, name, and value
• Can be assigned a value only once
The keyword const is used when declaring a new symbolic constant.
C++ IDENTIFIERS

• A C++ identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, class, module, or any other user-
defined item.

• An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or a to z or an underscore (_) followed by zero or more


letters, underscores, and digits (0 to 9).

• Punctuation characters such as @, $, and % are not allowed within identifiers.

• C++ is a case-sensitive programming language.


C++ RESERVED KEYWORDS
FUNDAMENTAL / PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

• Boolean – bool

• Characters – char, wchar_t

• Integers – short, int, long

• Floating point values – float, double, long double

• String of characters - string


BOOLEAN DATA TYPES

• The result of a comparison or a logical association using AND or OR is a boolean value,


• The result can be either true or false.
• C++ uses the bool type to represent boolean values.
• true will be represented as the numerical value 1 and false by a zero.

• E.g. bool isfridaytoday;


RELATION OPERATORS FOR BOOLEAN
EXPRESSIONS
CHARACTER DATA TYPES

• The char type is used to store character codes in 1 byte (8 bits).

• The wchar_t (wide character type) type comprises at least 2 bytes (16 bits)
EXAMPLES OF CHARACTER CONSTANTS

Constant Character Constant Value


(ASCII code decimal)

'A' Capital A 65
'a' Lowercase a 97
'' Blank 32
'.' Dot 46
'0' Digit 0 48
'\0' Terminating null character 0
EXAMPLES OF CHARACTER CONSTANTS
SAMPLE PROGRAM USING CHARACTERS

• #include <iostream>
• using namespace std;
• int main()
• {
• cout << "\nThis is\t a string\n\t\t"
• " with \"many\" escape sequences!\n";
• return 0;
• }
RANGE OF CHARACTER AND INTEGER DATA
TYPES
• Order of values:

• char <= short <= int <= long

• The short type comprises at least 2 bytes and the long type at least 4 bytes.

• The current value ranges are available in the climits header file.

• This file defines constants such as CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX, INT_MIN, and INT_MAX, which
represent the smallest and greatest possible values.
RANGE OF INTEGER DATA TYPE
• #include <iostream>
• #include <climits> // Definition of INT_MIN, ...
• using namespace std;
• int main()
• {
• cout << "Range of types int and unsigned int"
• << endl << endl;
• cout << "Type Minimum Maximum"
• << endl
• << "--------------------------------------------"
• << endl;
• cout << "int " << INT_MIN << " "
• << INT_MAX << endl;
• cout << "unsigned int " << " 0 "
• << UINT_MAX << endl;
• return 0;
FLOATING-POINT NUMBER DATA TYPES

• Floating-point numbers represent decimal numbers.


• Floating-point numbers must be stored to a preset accuracy.
• Types of floating-point numbers:
• float for simple accuracy
• double for double accuracy
• long double for high accuracy
• The value range and accuracy of a type are derived from the amount of memory allocated and the
internal representation of the type.
• Accuracy is expressed in decimal places.
RANGE OF VALUES FOR FLOATING-POINT
NUMBER DATA TYPES
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE OF MATHEMATICAL AND
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
EXERCISE 1
• Exercise 1
• Write a C++ program that prompts the user to enter the following texts and then outputs the
following text on the screen:

Oh what
a happy day!
Oh yes,
what a happy day!

• Use the manipulator endl (end of line) or the new line character (\n) where appropriate.
• Exercise 2
• The following program contains several errors:
• */ Now you should not forget your glasses //
• #include <stream>
• int main
• {
• cout << "If this text",
• cout >> " appears on your display, ";
• cout << " endl;"
• cout << 'you can pat yourself on '
• << " the back!" << endl.
• return 0;
• )
• Rewrite the program in the correct way on paper. (10 marks)
END OF LECTURE

You might also like