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    Mechanism of Homrmone Action

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    Neha Arora

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    Mechanism of Homrmone Action

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    12 views32 pages

    Mechanism of Homrmone Action

    Uploaded by

    Neha Arora

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    ----

    Previous Lecture
    Exocrine Vs Endocrine Glands

    Regulation of Endocrine Glands

    This Lecture
    Classification of Hormones

    Mechanism of Hormone actions


    Classification of Hormones

    Peptide Hormones

    Amino acid derivative

    Steroid Hormones
    Classification of Hormones

    Peptide Hormones
    Thyroxine
    E Amino acid derivative
    Epinephrine
    N Nor-Epinephrine
    D Steroid Hormones
    Dopamine
    S Serotonin
    Classification of Hormones

    Estrogen Progesterone
    Peptide Hormones Testosterone
    Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid
    Amino acid derivative
    1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol

    Steroid Hormones
    Classification of Hormones

    Peptide Hormones

    All remaining hormones


    Amino acid derivative

    Steroid Hormones
    Mechanism of hormone action
    Many hormone action involves
    “G- Protein activation”
    H
    ECF
    Plasma
    Gβ GƳ Membrane
    Membrane
    Gα enzyme
    GDP

    Replacement of GDP by GTP


    GTP
    Intrinsic
    ECF
    H GTPase
    Activity Plasma
    Gβ GƳ Membrane
    Membrane
    Gα enzyme
    GTP
    Activation

    Signal
    Transduction

    Biological Action
    ECF
    H
    Plasma
    Gβ GƳ Membrane
    Membrane
    Gα enzyme
    GDP
    Activation
    Inactivation

    Signal
    Transduction

    Biological action
    Mechanism of hormone action
    Adenyl Cyclase-Cyclic AMP system
    H
    ECF
    Plasma
    Gβ GƳ Membrane
    Adenylyl 5-AMP
    Gα
    Cyclase
    Phospho-
    ATP cAMP diesterase

    Activation of
    Physiological Effect Protein Kinase A

    Synthesis of Phosphorylation of
    Phosphoproteins cellular proteins
    ECF
    H
    Plasma
    Gβ GƳ Membrane
    Increases cAMPAdenylylDecreases cAMP
    5-AMP
    Gα
    Cyclase
    GHRH NE via α-2 Receptor
    GnRH Phospho-
    Somatostatin
    ATP cAMP diesterase
    FSH
    NE via β-1 Receptor Activation of
    Physiological Effect Protein Kinase A

    Synthesis of Phosphorylation of
    Phosphoproteins cellular enzymes
    ADH TRH

    Membrane Phospholipid- Phospholipase System


    (via IP3 & DAG)

    PIP2 Phosphotidyl Inositol Biphosphate

    IP3 Inositol Tri-phosphate

    DAG Di-acyl-glycerol
    H
    ECF
    Plasma
    Phospho- Membrane
    Gq lipase C PIP2

    Endoplasmic
    Ca++
    Reticulum IP3 DAG

    Protein Kinase-C activation


    Ca-BP
    Or Enzyme activity

    Physiological
    Effect
    ANP NO

    Guanylyl Cyclase-Cyclic GMP System


    H
    ECF
    Plasma
    Membrane
    GC

    GTP cGMP

    Physiological Effect Activation


    Kinases Phosphatase

    Synthesis of Phosphorylation of
    Phosphoproteins proteins
    Intracellular Receptor System
    ECF
    Plasma
    Membrane

    Receptor Hormone Receptor Complex

    DNA

    Nucleus
    Ribosome
    ECF
    Plasma
    Membrane

    Physiological Effect
    Hormone Receptor Complex

    Protein
    DNA
    Hormone
    Response
    Nucleus Element m-RNA
    Ribosome
    Insulin

    Tyrosine Kinase Activation System


    H
    ECF

    Activation
    Exposure of
    of Phosphate Plasma
    Intrinsic Membrane
    Binding Site
    Tyrosin Kinase activity
    Auto-phosphorylation
    T T
    Intracellular Phosphorylation Intracellular
    T T T
    T Proteins
    Proteins
    T T

    Phosphorylation of Enzymes
    Biological Serine Kinase
    effects Threonine Kinase
    Almost similar to Tyrosin Kinase Pathway

    Growth Hormone

    JAK-STAT Pathway

    JAK Jannus Tyrosin Kinase

    Signal Transducer and Activator of


    STAT
    Transcription Protein
    GH
    ECF

    Receptor Plasma
    R R Dimer Membrane

    Dimer attract
    a pair of
    Intra cellular
    Tyrosin Kinase Enzyme
    Phosphorylation
    of Proteins
    Nucleus
    Modulation of Activation of
    gene expression transcription factors
    Calcium Calmodulin System
    H Ca++ ECF

    Plasma
    Membrane
    Calcium
    Channel

    Endoplasmic Calmodulin
    Reticulum

    Biological Effects
    Messenger system
    Messenger system

    Endocrine HGland

    Primary Messenger = Hormone

    Cyclic AMP Cell


    Physiological
    Cyclic GMP Secondary Messengers
    Effect
    I3P, DAG Intracellular Ca++ ion
    mRNA Phosphoproteins
    Advantages of Secondary Messengers

    Amplification of primary signal

    Response diversification
    This Lecture
    Classification of Hormones

    Mechanism of Hormone actions

    Advantages of secondary messenger

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