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    Shock PPT New

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    cjimkarl

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    Shock PPT New

    Uploaded by

    cjimkarl
    48 views21 pages

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    Shock Ppt New

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    48 views21 pages

    Shock PPT New

    Uploaded by

    cjimkarl

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    SHOCK

    Manerwap, Daphne Kate


    Nablol, Arvy
    Vicente, Kathryn
    OBJECTIVES
    GENERAL OBJECTIVES
    All the participants will be able to
    explain about shock.
    SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
    Define shock
    stages of shock
    Types of shock
    Prevention of shock
    Nursing Care of patients with shock
    What is shock?
    Life threatening condition or syndrome characterized by inadequate blood
    flow to the tissues and cells of the body. it is a state of organ hypoperfusion
    with resultant cellular
    dysfunction and death.

    The fundamental defect in shock is reduced perfusion of vital tissues.


    What happens in SHOCK ?

    1. Inadequate 2.Anaerobic
    3. Build up of LacticAcid
    perfusion metabolism

    5. Respiratory rate
    4. Metabolic increases in
    Acidosis response to
    MetabolicAcidosis
    FOUR STAGES OF
    SHOCK
    INITIAL STAGE

    1
    Cardiac output is insufficient to supply the normal
    nutritional needs of tissues but not low enough to cause

    . serious symptoms.

    COMPENSATORY STAGE
    Cardiac output is reduced further but due to
    compensatory vasoconstriction, the BP tends to remain

    2. within the normal range. Blood flow to the skin and kidney
    decrease while blood flow to CNS and myocardium is
    maintained.
    03. PROGRESSIVE STAGE
    Unfavorable change become more and more apparent falling BP,
    increased vasoconstriction, increased heart rate and oliguria. If
    compensatory mechanism are unable to cope with the reduce output shock
    becomes progressively more severe and passed onto.

    IRREVERSIBLE STAGE

    04. No type of therapy can save the patients life, BPdecreased, blood volume
    can be normal in this stage. Fluid transfusion may restore BP only
    temporary the BPdecline until DEATH occur.
    TYPES OF SHOCK
    HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
    CAUSES CAUSES
    It is the most common type of • Severe Diarrhea
    shock in children • Severe Bleeding -Cholera
    • Severe Edemas or Ascites
    PPH
    Occurs when a significant -Peritonitis
    UGI bleeding
    amount of fluid is lost from the -Pancreatitis
    Ectopic pregnancy
    intravascular space, fluid may • Diuresis and rapid removal
    Hematemesis
    be blood, plasma, electrolytes Uterus rupture of amniotic fluid
    solution. Haemoptysis • Severe Burns
    Severe polytrauma • Inadequate Fluid
    CLINICAL
    FEATURES
    • BP decrease and Hypotension
    • Skin Cold and Clammy
    • Pallor
    • Tachycardia and Tachypnea
    • Restlessness, Anxiety and Weakness
    • Altered Sensorium
    • Oliguria<20ml/hour; progressive stage
    CARDIOGENIC
    SHOCK
    Occurs when the heart’s ability to pump blood is
    impaired.

    It is a condition that results from inadequate perfusion


    of body tissue with oxygenated blood that is
    insufficient to sustain life.

    Cardiac Output is decreased.


    CAUSES
    1.Acute myocardial infarction -resulting in massive damage to
    myocardium.
    2. CHF, Pulmonary embolism
    3. Cardiac temponade, Cardiomyopathy
    CLINICAL FEATURES

    • SAME AS HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK

    • Dysrythmias, chest pain

    • Respiratory distress, multi organ dysfunction


    syndrome

    • Left and Right ventricular failure


    NEUROGENIC
    SHOCK
    Inability of the Nervous System to control dilation
    of blood vessels.

    It results from generalized vasodilation and loss of


    vasomotor tone due to:

    a. Massive increase in Vascular capacity


    b. Pooling of blood in Peripheral
    c. Decreased Venous return to Heart.
    CAUSES CLINICAL
    FEATURES
    • Brain Traumatic injury
    • Nervousness
    • Brain damage, vasomotor depression
    • Altered LOC
    • Spinal Cord injury
    • Confusion
    • Deep Spinal Anesthesia
    • Skin warm but dry
    • Severe pain, Hypoglycemia,
    • Respiration depress
    emotional stress
    • Hypotension
    • Drugs causing vasomotor center
    depression
    • Anti-snake venom
    ANAPHYLACTIC
    SHOCK
    It is a life threatening systemic
    hypersensitivity reaction contact
    with an allergen.
    CAUSES CLINICAL
    FEATURES
    • DRUGS • Cough, wheezing, Laryngeal edema,
    Penicillin Bronchospasm
    Lignocaine • Hypotension, Tachycardia,
    Iron Injectable palpitation
    Anesthetic Drugs • Syncope
    • Blood transfusion • Urticaria, angeodema, pruritus
    • Stings and Snake bite • Nausea annd vomiting
    • New Clothes • Seizures
    • Dusting Smokes • Respiratory depression,
    • Sudden Climate Change Cardiovascular collapse
    • Coma
    SEPTIC SHOCK
    It is the most common type of shock in
    adults and caused by widespread
    infection due to gram positive and
    negative bacteria and viruses.
    CAUSES CLINICAL
    FEATURES
    • UTI, abortion
    • Hyperthermia
    • RTA
    • Severe headache
    • Severe Burn
    • Respiration distress
    • CSOM
    • Decreased cardiac output
    • Due to chronic diseases:
    • Hypotension
    Diabetes and AIDS
    • Skin cold and pale
    • Indwelling lines and catheter
    • Multiple organ failure
    • Improper wound care and
    • Anuria
    management
    PREVENTION OF SHOCK
    • Primary prevention of shock is an essential focus on nursing intervention:
    -hypovolemic shock can be prevented in some instances by closely monitoring
    patients who is at risk for fluid deficit and assisting with fluid replacement before
    intravascular volume is depleted.

    • General nursing measures include safe administration of prescribed fluid and


    medication and proper documentation and monitoring sign of complication
    and side effects
    PREVENTION OF SHOCK
    • Safe blood administration
    -blood sample should be obtained for CBC, cross match grouping before
    BT.
    -Patient receiving BT must be closely monitored for adverse effect.
    • Proper care of wound and using aseptic technique in any invasive
    procedures
    • Proper pain management
    • Skin test should be done before giving antibiotics as anaphylaxis
    reaction may occur.
    • Early detection and management of cardiac diseases.
    NURSING CARE OF PATIENT ON SHOCK
    • Check for a response. Give RESCUE BREATHS or CPR
    as needed.
    1. Lay the person flat, face-up, but do not move him/her if you
    suspect a head, back or neck injury
    2. Raise the person’s feet about 12 inches. If raising the legs
    will cause pain or further injury, keep him/her flat and keep
    him/her still.
    3. Do not raise the feet or move the legs if hip or leg bones are
    broken. keep the person lying flat.
    4. Check for signs of circulation. If absent, begin CPR.
    Thank you!

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