INTRODUCTION TO

INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
CONCEPTS
GUARDING

• Is an activity where one watches over or shields another person or property

from danger, harm, loss or damage.
PRINCIPLES OF GUARDING

1. A guard is effective only within the space which his five senses can cover.
2. The effectiveness of a team of guards is only as good as the most
ineffective member.
3. The capability of guard is limited by his human attributes.
4. Any normal person can function as a guard.
PRINCIPLES OF GUARDING

5. No two guards are alike.

6. No two guard beast are alike.
7. Guarding alone cannot provide security since it is one element of physical
security. Physical security is one of the four aspects of security.
8. The effect of good guarding complements the other security elements in the
facility.
SECURITY

The word SECURE – is derived from the Latin secures – “safe” or

“without care”
- se cura – se means “free from” and cura means
“care”
SECURITY – TO BE SECURE MEANS:

• Being free from danger, risk, injury, fear, trouble, doubt

or anxiety.
• Being dependable, strong, good, impregnable or
inviolable.
• Having peace of mind.
SECURITY – CAN BE DEFINED AS:

• The degree of protection or resistance against harm,

danger, loss, and criminals.
• It includes structure and processes that provide or
improve security as a condition.
INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY AND OPEN
METHODOLOGIES (ISECOM)

Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTM)

“For a threat to be effective, it must interact directly or indirectly
with the asset. To separate the threat from the asset is to avoid
interaction.”
Therefore, it is possible to have total security if the threat and the
asset are completely separated from each other.
INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY AND OPEN
METHODOLOGIES (ISECOM)

For example,
-To be secure from burglary, one must create a fence around their
house.
INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY AND OPEN
METHODOLOGIES (ISECOM)

If the threat can’t be separated from the assets must be made safer
so that their interactions and any effects from interaction do little or
no harm.
For example,
To be safe from burglary, one must live in a friendly neighborhood.
“WE CALL SECURITY THE SEPARATION OF AN
ASSET AND A THREAT”
PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY

1. There is no absolute security.

2. Security is only as good as its weakest link.
3. High relative security can be achieve in depth.
4. No two facilities have the same security needs.
5. Harm or danger may come from outside or inside of the facility.
6. Security is everybody’s concern.
7. There is no impenetrable barrier.
RELATED CONCEPTS:

1. Asset
2. Risk
3. Threat
4. Vulnerability
ASSET

Anything tangible or intangible that is capable of being owned or

controlled to produce value.
Has positive economic value, or its value can be converted into
cash.
Example: Business, House, Car, Information, etc.
RISK

The uncertainty of financial loss, the probability that a loss has

occurred or will occur;
The end result of risk is loss or decrease in value
Example: bankrupt
THREAT

Anything that could adversely affect the assets; can be

natural, accident, or intentional acts.
Example: typhoon, vehicular accident and terrorism
THREE MAIN CATEGORIES OF SECURITY

1. Physical Security
2. Personnel Security
3. Document and Information Security
PHYSICAL SECURITY

Pertains to all physical barriers employed or installed to

secure assets.
Example: fence, CCTV and Security Guard
PERSONNEL SECURITY

Refers to the procedure followed, inquires conduct, and criteria

applied to determine the work suitability of a particular applicant
or the retention of a particular employee.
Example: Enrollment
DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY

Refers to policies, regulation, doctrines, and practice enforced to

safeguard the contents and integrity of any classified information
or document from compromise or loss.
Example: Classification of Information – top secret, secret,
confidential, and restricted.
POLITICAL SECURITY

- Relate to social relationships involving governments or

entities that hold authority or power.
- It includes public, national and international level.
POLITICAL SECURITY

1. Public Security
- The way governments are ensuring the protection of its citizens,
organizations and institutions against threat, maintaining the
general security and peace in public places.
Example: Police patrol, Sim Registration Act, Anti-illegal Drug
Campaign
POLITICAL SECURITY

2. National Security
- The requirement to maintain the survival of the state
through the economic power, diplomacy, and political
power.
Example: Military foes from other nation
POLITICAL SECURITY

3. International Security
- Consist of the measures taken by nations and
international organization to ensure survival and safety.
Example: International Convention
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

1. Industrial Security
2. Bank and Armor Security
3. Hotel Security
4. V. I. P. Security
5. Operational Security
6. Communication Security
7. Mall/Commercial Security
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

1. Industrial Security
- A form of physical security involving industrial plants
and business enterprises.
- Involves the safeguarding of personnel, processes,
properties and operation.
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

2. Bank and Armor Security

- Involves the protection resulting from the application of
various measures of which safeguards cash and assets in
storage, in transit, or during transaction.
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

3. Hotel Security
- Involves using measures protection for the guests,
personnel properties and functions in hotels, restaurant,
bars and club.
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

4. V. I. P. Security
- Involves the protection of top-ranking officials of the
government, visiting person if illustrious standing and
foreign dignitaries.
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

5. Operational Security
- Involves the protection of processes, formula, patents or
industrial and manufacturing activities from espionage,
infiltration, loss, compromise or infringement.
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

6. Communication Security
- Involves the safeguard resulting from the application of
different measures which prevent or delay the enemy or
unauthorized person from gaining information through
communication including transmission and
cryptographic.
PRIVATE SPHERE OF SECURITY

7. Mall/Commercial Security
- The degree of protection against danger, laws, and crime
inside the mall.
- Refers to a systems, structures, and processes that provide
or improve mall security as condition
SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION

There is almost no organization without a team dedicated to

managing issues of security.
The presence of these uniformed staff represents the company’s
ability to respond to or deter threats.
**However, only part of the security measures employed by
companies against threats….
SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION

** othersecurity measures – installation of CCTV,

sophisticated alarm systems, policies against workplace
bullying and harassment, employee screening, emergency
planning, etc.
SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION

** security has a policing function in organization. In fact, illegal

practices in the workplace have become established theme in
criminology studies.
** these involves not only overt acts but also involves high-stake
corporate crimes, for example, tax evasion and money laundering,
fraud, bribery, workplace harassment, those crimes like street crimes,
and crimes in cyberspace.
SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN
ORGANIZATION

With corporate crime becoming a growing issue, the

increasing role of private security in crime prevention is
becoming more evident.
HISTORY OF SECURITY
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

• Greeks – organized the first police force in city state - “polis”.

• Romans – established the Praetorian Guard known as the
“vigiles” – tasked to be fire fighters.
• French, Middle Ages – formed a group of carefully selected men
called “shires” or “sheriff” – to look after the peace and order.
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

• Oliver Cromell – in 1655, set up in England and Wales a

police force that operated to capture and punish criminal.
• Henry Fielding – 1748, introduced the concept of crime
prevention by organizing “citizen patrol or watchman” – to
chased criminals for felony and misdemeanor; and serve
Fielding’s purpose of preventing crime ahead of time with
their patrolling function.
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF SECURITY

• Sir Robert Peel – English Home Secretary, “Father of Modern

Policing System”
- Formed the first formal police department.
*** Colonial period in the United States, immigrants from
England, Ireland, and Scotland brought this British approach to
policing in America.
SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• Pre-Colonial period, the sovereign monarchs called the

datu or lakan had servants called aliping namamahay….
…. Acted as watchman or protector of datu or lakan.
SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• Spanish Colonial Government – Guardia Civil, to serve as the

police force based on Civil Guard of Spain. Their purpose is to;
- Performed patrol functions in cities and towns;
- Organized operations for the suppression of bandit groups; and
- Imposed penalties for infringement of laws and local ordinances.
SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• American Colonial Period – Constable, the

forebear of the present national police.
** to maintain the peace and order in the town or
sitio.
SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• After World War II, Indian national (Bombay)

pioneered as the watchman who protected a
specific building or commercial establishment.
SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

• Today, private security has a major role in the

preservation and protection of peace and order in
the country.
SECURITY IN THE PRESENT TIME

•The police served and public’s interest

while the security force served private
interests
SECURITY IN THE PRESENT TIME

• Police function that did not involve enforcement

, arrests or the use of force inside work spaces
are turned over to security. Traffic control around
large commercial properties and patrol functions
around private neighborhoods.
SECURITY IN THE PRESENT TIME

•This collaboration should also involve

leaders and enforcers in other fields.
SECURITY IN THE PRESENT TIME

•In the field of computer and

information technology is another
issue affecting the security industry
SECURITY IN THE PRESENT TIME

•With the combination of rising

technology and the security industry’s
rapid growth
LEGAL CONTEXT OF SECURITY
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS

•The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 3 states that “ Everyone has the right
to life , liberty and security of person”
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS

• The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Article 9 “ Everyone has the right to liberty and security of
person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or
detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on
such ground and in accordance with such procedure are so
established by law” United Nations Human Rights , 1966)
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES

• Section 4, Article II. The prime duty of the government is

to serve and protect the people. The government may call
upon the people to defend the state and in the fulfillment
thereof all citizens maybe required under conditions
provided by law , to render personal , military or civil
service.
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES

• Section 1 , Article III. No person shall be deprived

of life , liberty or property without due process of
law , nor shall any person be denied the equal
protection of laws.
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES

• Section 2 , Article III. The right of the people to be secure in their

persons , houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures whatever nature and for any purpose , shall be inviolable, and no
search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause
to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or
affirmation of the compliant and the witnesses he may produce , and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things
to be seized
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES

•Section 9, Article III. Private property shall

not be taken for public use without just
compensation
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
THE PHILIPPINES

• Section 6 , Article XII. The Congress shall not , except

by general law , provide by the formation , organization ,
or regulation of private corporations . Government-owned
or controlled corporations may be created or stablished
by special charters in the interest of the common good
and subject to the test of economic viability
THE REVISED PENAL CODE ( ACT OF 3815)

• Title Eight – Crimes Against Person

• Title Nine – Crimes Against Personal Liberty and
Security
• Title Ten – Crimes Against Property
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5487- THE PRIVATE SECURITY
AGENCY LAW

An act to regulate the organization and operation of

private detective, watchman and security guards
agencies.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1919

• Defining watchman or security guard to include those from

government intities
• Specifying the employment of a minimum of 200 and a
maximum of 1,000 licensed security guards for any private
security agency
• Specifying 30 to 1,000 company guards for company guard
forces
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11917 – THE PRIVATE
SECURITY SERVICES INDUSTRY ACT

An act strengthening the regulation of the private security

services industry, repealing for the purpose, Republic Act
No. 5487, entitled, “An act to regulate the organization and
operation of private detective watchmen or security guard
agency”, as amended.
 ASSIGNMENT

RA 5487 (PD 1919, RA 11917

11 AND 100

Provision that are New provisions that

Similarities of the 2
not repealed or not are change and not
Laws
in RA 11917 in RA 5487
CATEGORIES OF
SECURITY
PHYSICAL SECURITY
PHYSICAL SECURITY

• Refers to a logical set of tangible elements and

measures adopt to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, materials, documents and
personnel.
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

1. The type of access necessary depends on the number of

variable factors, thus, maybe obtained in different ways.
2. There is no such things as an impenetrable barrier.
3. The installation of barrier varies from another.
4. There is defense in barrier depth.
FACTORS IN SELECTING SECURITY
SAFEGUARDS

1. Site Characteristics
- Influenced by the nature of the site such as the size,
layout, utilities, internal activities, and assets in the site.
- Include company philosophy and workforce culture.
FACTORS IN SELECTING SECURITY
SAFEGUARDS

2. Environment
- Refers to the area surrounding in the facility.
FACTORS IN SELECTING SECURITY
SAFEGUARDS

3. Forces of Nature
- Also at play in the selection of safeguards are the
environment’s climate, weather and natural forces.
FACTORS IN SELECTING SECURITY
SAFEGUARDS

4. Crime
- Crime patterns must be considered in selecting the
necessary countermeasures.
PHYSICAL BARRIERS

• A barrier is a natural or manufactured obstacle to the

movement of persons, animals, vehicles or materials.
• It defines physical limits to and delays or prevents penetration
of an area.
**it is impossible to build a barrier that cannot be
compromised.
ADVANTAGES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER

1. The physical barriers become a psychological

deterrence when a potential intruder is
discouraged from accessing the facility because
the barriers appear to present difficulties.
ADVANTAGES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER

2. Actual difficulty in getting through physical

barriers.
3. Reducing the cost of security staffing by
substituting barriers for people, and placing
security posts locations that complement barriers.
PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

1. To control the movement of people and vehicles into ,

out of and within the facility.
2. To segregate or compartmentalize sensitive areas.
3. To provide physical protection to objects, materials, and
processes of critical nature.
GENERAL TYPE OF PHYSICAL BARRIER

1. Natural Barriers
- Includes bodies of water mountains, marshes,
ravines, desert and other terrain that are difficult to
cross.
GENERAL TYPE OF PHYSICAL BARRIER

• Structural Barriers are man made barriers such as fences ,

walls, floor , roofs , grills , bars, roadblocks or other
physical means. A structural physical barriers physical
and psychologically deters or discourages the
undetermined , delays the determined and channels the
flow of authorized traffic through entrances.
OTHER TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS

1. HUMAN BARRIERS – The guard force as a human

barrier is the key element in any security system.
Without it all other protective devices mechanical ,
electrical or electronic would be useless.
OTHER TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER

2. ANIMAL BARRIERS – The most common of animal

barriers are dogs known as the k-9 team . The number of
dogs to be used relies on the size and kind of installation
being secured.
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: THE PERIMETER
BARRIER

• The usual starting point in assessing risk at the

facility is the perimeter. The major purpose of the
use of perimeter as barrier is to deny access or exit
of unauthorized persons.
PURPOSE OF THE PERIMETER BARRIER

• To define the boundary of the property to be secured

• To create a physical and psychological deterrent to
unauthorized entry
• To delay intrusion , thus facilitating the apprehension
of intruders
PURPOSE OF THE PERIMETER BARRIER

•To assist in a more efficient and economical

employment of guards
•To facilitate and improve the control of
pedestrian and vehicular traffic