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    The Classical Elements

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    GLADYS SARAEL
    Atomism was proposed by early Greek philosophers as a theory to explain the composition of matter. Alchemy aimed to purify materials through transmutation and contributed to the development of chemicals. The Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan suggested adding mercury and sulfur to the classical elements.

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    The Classical Elements

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    GLADYS SARAEL
    13 views14 pages
    Atomism was proposed by early Greek philosophers as a theory to explain the composition of matter. Alchemy aimed to purify materials through transmutation and contributed to the development of chemicals. The Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan suggested adding mercury and sulfur to the classical elements.

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    Atomism was proposed by early Greek philosophers as a theory to explain the composition of matter. Alchemy aimed to purify materials through transmutation and contributed to the development of chemicals. The Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan suggested adding mercury and sulfur to the classical elements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views14 pages

    The Classical Elements

    Uploaded by

    GLADYS SARAEL
    Atomism was proposed by early Greek philosophers as a theory to explain the composition of matter. Alchemy aimed to purify materials through transmutation and contributed to the development of chemicals. The Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan suggested adding mercury and sulfur to the classical elements.

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    The Classical Elements

    WHAT ARE THINGS MADE OF?


    WHAT ARE THINGS MADE OF?
    • Chemistry studies matter and its composition

    • Matter is composed of smaller materials

    • Philosophers tried to explain the small units of matter


    GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
    • Used critical thinking

    • Explained the origin of things

    • Gave reasons for several phenomena

    • Created foundations of knowledge that we have now


    GREEK PHILOSOPHERS
    • Thales WATER

    • Anaximenes AIR

    • Xenophanes EARTH

    • Heraclitus FIRE

    • Empedocles EARTH, AIR,


    WATER and FIRE
    ● These two philosophers
    started atomism.

    ● Matter is made up of
    atomos and space (void).

    Leucippus Democritus
    (5th century BCE) (460 BC–370 BC)
    THE PREVAILING IDEAS DURING THAT TIME:
    ● “Nature Elements” by Empedocles, Plato, and Aristotle

    ● Plato and his student Aristotle were believed by the


    people during those times.

    ● Their ideas prevailed for a long time.


    PLATONIC SOLIDS
    ● Plato founded the Academy in Athens and he used the
    term “element.”

    ● He treated the elements: air, water, fire and earth, as


    geometric solids.
    ARISTOTELIAN ELEMENTS
    ● Each element is a balance
    between two qualities.

    ● He added a fifth element - aether.

    ● The fifth element is the finest of


    all substances known as
    quintessence.
    ALCHEMY
    ● The word alchemy can also be traced to the Arab word al-
    khemia which means ‘The Black Land.”

    ● Alchemy is considered more of a protoscience. It is not


    based on facts and experiments. It had been riddled with
    superstitions, mythology and mysticism.
    ALCHEMY WANTS TO FIND:
    ● Philosopher’s stone - turns other metals to gold

    ● Elixir of life - gives eternal life

    ● Panacea - a cure for all diseases


    HERE ARE SOME NOTABLE ALCHEMISTS:

    ● Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan - sulfur and mercury are elements

    ● Paracelsus - tria prima for good health

    ● Robert Boyle - author of Skeptical Chymist and proposed Boyle’s


    Law
    Atomism was one of the theories the ancient
    1 Greek natural philosophers devised to explain the
    universe.

    Alchemy is a philosophy practiced throughout Egypt and


    2 Eurasia which aimed to purify and perfect materials
    through transmutation.

    Alchemy contributed to the vast uses of chemicals such as


    3 inks, paints, and cosmetics.
    IDENTIFY WHAT OR WHO IS BEING ASKED IN THE FOLLOWING
    STATEMENTS.

    1. He is the Greek philosopher who proposed that everything is


    made up of primordial substances such as fire, water, earth and
    wind.
    2. It is a philosophy practiced throughout Egypt and Eurasia which
    aimed to purify and perfect materials through transmutation.
    3. He is a Persian alchemist who suggested that elements, mercury
    and sulfur should be added in the four classical elements.

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