12 Lec

LEC - 12
PLANT PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
SPRAYER
It is a machine used to apply plant protection
chemicals in the form of droplets
Usages/purpose
• Application of herbicides to remove
weeds
• Application of fungicides to minimize
fungus diseases
• Application of insecticides to control
insect pests
• Application of micro nutrients on the
plants
Main functions of sprayers
• To break the chemical solution into fine
droplets of effective size.
• To distribute them uniformly over the

plants.
• To regulate the amount of chemical

solution to be applied on the plants to
avoid excessive application.
Desirable quality of a sprayer
• It should produce a steady stream of spray
materials in the desired fineness of the
particle
• It should deliver the liquid at sufficient

pressure so that it reaches all the plant
foliage and spreads entirely over the sprayed
surface.
• It should be light yet sufficiently strong,

easily workable and repairable.
Classification of sprayers
a) Based upon volume of liquid sprayed
• High volume spray (more than 400 L/ha)
• Low volume spray (5 to 400 L/ha)
• Ultra low volume (ULV) spray (< 5 L/ha)
High volume spray
The dilute liquids are applied by hydraulic
machines.
Low volume spray
Uses air steam from a fan with small quantities
of liquid.
Ultra low volume sprayer
• Motor powered by 6 to 12 volt battery.

• Very high revolution/ min (4000-9000).
• Average droplet size 35-100 micron.
• Only 2.5-7.5 lit / ha.
• One hectare of crop can be treated in
around 2.5 hour
COMPONENTS OF A SPRAYER
• Pump
• Chemical tank
• Agitator
• Air chamber
• Pressure gauge
• Pressure regulator
• Valves
• Strainer
• Suction line
• Delivery line
• Nozzles
Classification of sprayers …
Based upon type of power source used
• Manually operated sprayers
• Motorised or self propelled sprayers
• Tractor operated sprayers
• Power tiller operated sprayers

Manually operated sprayers
• Hand atomizer
• Hand compression sprayer-shoulder mounting

type
• Backpack Sprayer
• Rocker sprayer
• Foot or pedal operated sprayer

HAND ATOMIZER
• Suited for home gardens and small fields.
• 0.5 to 3.51it container capacity
• The tank is to be filled with ¾ th volume.
• Pressure in the tank of 0.15-0.3 kg/cm2 .
• When the flow cut off lever is pressed ,the

fluid passes through the nozzle and spraying
is done.
• The application rate ranges from 45 to 100

litres /ha.
HAND COMPRESSION SPRAYER
• 10-12 lit capacity
• The chemical tank is filled 75-80 % volume
• The pump is operated to pump air in to the
tank to build pressure up to 2.0 – 3.5 kg/cm2.
• The sprayer is carried on the shoulder of the
operator.
• The application rate ranges from 45 to 100
litres /ha.
Backpack Sprayer
• The chemical tank is flat or bean-shaped
designed to fit comfortably on back of the
operator.
• Capacity of the tank is 10-20 liters.
• The pressure chamber above the liquid
level eliminate pulsation and to give
continuous and uniform spray.
• The spray line consists of a short rubber
hose pipe, a lance and a nozzle.
• The pressure varies 3 to 12 kg/cm2.
• coverage 0.5-1.0 ha/day.
• Cost is Rs.2,000/-
Rocker sprayer
• The rocking movement of handle helps in
building up pressure in the pressure chamber
• It can build up a high pressure of 14-18
kg/cm2 to 36-40 kg/cm2 .
• This sprayer is popular in coconut, arecanut,
mango and cotton areas.
• The output of sprayer is 70-90 lit/hr with one
nozzle.
• Coverage about 1.5 ha/day.
• Cost Rs.5,000/-.
Foot or pedal operated sprayer
Foot or pedal operated sprayer
• It develops a pressure of 17-21 kg/cm2.
• It is used for spraying tall crops, fruit trees.
• To spray medium sized trees (6-7 m).
• discharge with one nozzle is 110-135 l/hr.
• cost : Rs.2400/-.
KNAPSACK MOTORIZED MIST BLOWER
• It consists of a 1.2- 3.0 hp high speed petrol
engine, a blower, a 12 lit chemical tank
• The tank is filled with the required chemical

solution.
• When the engine is started, the blower

generates a high velocity air to which the
chemical solution is fed.
• The chemical mixed air stream is broken in

to fine droplets at the atomizer grate and
sprayed.
Dusters - types and uses.
DUSTER
 Duster is a machine to apply chemical
in dust form.
 air stream - to carry pesticides in finely
divided dry form on the plants.
 Duster consists of:

** Hopper
** Agitator
** Feed control
** Fan or blower
** Delivery nozzle.
TYPES OF DUSTERS
1. Plunger type
2. Rotary type
3. Knapsack type
4. Knapsack Power duster

TYPES OF DUSTERS
1. Plunger type
• It is a simple duster with a small piston.
• The piston drives a current of air over the

dust in the hopper.
• The dust is carried away through a delivery

spout.
• Small hand dusters are suitable small areas

like vegetable or flower garden.
2. Rotary duster
• Hand operated rotor.
• Dust is fed from a hopper into a current of

air produced by a rotary fan and is blown
out through a delivery pipe
• Agitator, actuated by the fan crank to ensure

steady flow of dust.
TYPES OF DUSTERS – Rotary Duster
• The concave bottom of the hopper permits all

dust to move towards feeding aperture.
• The rate of delivery can be regulated by a

valve below the hopper.
• Delivery force is controlled by controlling the

speed of the fan.
• Used for tall crops, which requires more

force of delivery.
TYPES OF DUSTERS – Rotary duster
3. Knapsack type duster
• Hopper on the back of the operator.
• Air stream is blown through hopper to

pick up the dust.
• The air stream is produced by lever

operated leather bellows.
• Shoulder straps or carrying straps are

provided to carry it easily to the fields.
• Suitable for small areas only.
4. Motorised Knap sack power duster
• Motorised knap sack power sprayer

can be easily converted into power
duster.
• Air is blown into the dust tank from

the blower through the agitator pipe
fixed within the tank which agitates
dust in the tank.
Motorised Knap sack power duster
• The dust is then whirled by forceful jet of air

into the dust intake pipe down through the
dust outlet pipe into the elbow connected
with the blower outlet.
• Here the dust meets with strong air blast

from the blower and then it is blown out
through the pleated hose
Motorized Knap sack power duster
Procedures for converting sprayer into duster
• Disconnect the liquid feed tube from

chemical tank
• Disconnect the spraying jet nozzle assembly
• Remove air inlet control fitted at the bottom

of the chemical tank and Insert agitator into
the tank
Procedures for converting sprayer into duster
• Disconnect the liquid feed tube from

chemical tank
• Disconnect the spraying jet nozzle assembly
• Remove air inlet control fitted at the bottom

of the chemical tank and Insert agitator into
the tank
• Insert dust intake tube inside the chemical
tank
• Connect one end of the dust outlet pipe

with the dust intake tube and the other end
with the blower elbow
• Fit the dust ejector in the intake end of the

pleated hose
and sprayer - difference
CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF DUSTERS
Duster should be thoroughly cleaned before

and after use.
• The hopper should be filled with dust about

half of its capacity.
• The lid of the hopper should be closed during

the operation.
CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF DUSTERS
• In rotary dusters, the handle should be

cranked at 30 to 35 revolutions per
minute for efficient performance.
• Pieces of paper, sacking and other foreign

materials should be prevented from
getting into the hopper.

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LEC - 12

• To distribute them uniformly over the

• To regulate the amount of chemical

• It should deliver the liquid at sufficient

• It should be light yet sufficiently strong,

• Motor powered by 6 to 12 volt battery.

Based upon type of power source used

• Manually operated sprayers

• Motorised or self propelled sprayers

• Tractor operated sprayers

• Power tiller operated sprayers

• Hand compression sprayer-shoulder mounting

• Foot or pedal operated sprayer

• 0.5 to 3.51it container capacity

• The tank is to be filled with ¾ th volume.

• Pressure in the tank of 0.15-0.3 kg/cm2 .

• When the flow cut off lever is pressed ,the

• The application rate ranges from 45 to 100

• The chemical tank is filled 75-80 % volume

• The pump is operated to pump air in to the

tank to build pressure up to 2.0 – 3.5 kg/cm2.

• The sprayer is carried on the shoulder of the

• The application rate ranges from 45 to 100

• It develops a pressure of 17-21 kg/cm2.

• It is used for spraying tall crops, fruit trees.

• To spray medium sized trees (6-7 m).

• discharge with one nozzle is 110-135 l/hr.

• The tank is filled with the required chemical

• When the engine is started, the blower

• The chemical mixed air stream is broken in

 Duster consists of:

4. Knapsack Power duster

• The piston drives a current of air over the

• The dust is carried away through a delivery

• Small hand dusters are suitable small areas

• Hand operated rotor.

• Dust is fed from a hopper into a current of

• Agitator, actuated by the fan crank to ensure

• The concave bottom of the hopper permits all

• The rate of delivery can be regulated by a

• Delivery force is controlled by controlling the

• Used for tall crops, which requires more

• Hopper on the back of the operator.

• Air stream is blown through hopper to

• The air stream is produced by lever

• Shoulder straps or carrying straps are

• Motorised knap sack power sprayer

• Air is blown into the dust tank from

• The dust is then whirled by forceful jet of air

• Here the dust meets with strong air blast

Procedures for converting sprayer into duster

• Disconnect the liquid feed tube from

• Disconnect the spraying jet nozzle assembly

• Remove air inlet control fitted at the bottom

Procedures for converting sprayer into duster

• Disconnect the liquid feed tube from

• Disconnect the spraying jet nozzle assembly

• Remove air inlet control fitted at the bottom