Word Formation - 20uct141

University Institute of Liberal
Arts and Humanities

Course Name: Communication Skills
Course Code: 20UCT-141/191
Faculty- Mr Jaspal Singh Dhindsa
WORD FORMATION DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

COURSE OBJECTIVES
The Course aims to:
Augment students overall communication and interpersonal skills

1 by making them realize the importance of good oral and written
English Language in professional life.
Enrich their reading capability with special emphasis on expanding

2
vocabulary and grammatical formations.
Build exceptional reading and writing skills by correcting
3
grammatical errors and pronunciation through practice.
2
COURSE
OUTCOMES
On completion, the students are expected to
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Produce correct contextual written Apply
text and speech in a wide range of
communication situations.
CO2 Write original short compositions, in
the form of paragraph writing, Analyse
business correspondence, blogs
etc. through logical support and
argument.
CO3 Demonstrate linguistic competence Apply
through accuracy in grammar,
pronunciation and vocabulary. www.sofolympiadtrainer.com
3
WORD FORMATION
• Prefix
• Suffix
• Compounds
• Homonyms
• Homophones
• Homographs
cetking.com 4
ROOT WORDS & BASE WORDS
• Root Words and Base Words
are the same.
• Root words and base words are
the most basic part of a word.
• If you add an affix to a root or
base word you change the
meaning of the word.
“Cook” is a base word.

www.yourdictionary.com
5
AFFIXES
• Affixes are word parts that change the meaning of a root or
base word.
• Prefixes and Suffixes are both Affixes.
un+cook+ed=uncooked
Affix Affix
6
PREFIX
• Prefixes are letters which we add to
the beginning of a word to make a
new word with a different meaning
• Prefixes can, for example, create a
new word opposite in meaning to
the word the prefix is attached to
• They can also make a word
negative or express relations of
time, place or manner.
www.freshersnow.com
7
EXAMPLES OF PREFIXES
Base Word Prefixed Word Type of Meaning
possible impossible opposite
able unable opposite/negation
payment non - payment negation
war pre - war time (before)

cook overcook manner (too-much)
dote antidote against, opposing
agree disagree removal, apart from
8
SUFFIX
• A suffix is a letter or group of
letters added at the end of a
word which makes a new
word.
• The new word is most often a
different word class from the
original word
• Often, the suffix causes a
spelling change to the original
word.
www.7esl.com
9
EXAMPLES OF SUFFIXES
words suffix new words
forget, use -ful forgetful, useful
state, govern -ment statement, government
complicate, create -ion complication, creation
activity, veracit ity, -ty quality of
argue, endorse, -ment arguement, endorsement,

punish punishment
101
COMPOUNDS
• A compound word is two or more words linked together to
produce a word with a new meaning
• tooth + brush = toothbrush eco + friendly = eco-friendly animal
+ lover = animal lover
• We make compounds in all word classes:
nouns: car park, soap opera pronouns: anyone, everything,
nobody
adjectives: environment-friendly, fat- numerals: twenty-seven, three-
free quarters
verbs: daydream, dry-clean prepositions: into, onto
adverbs: nevertheless, nowadays conjunctions: although, however
11
Poll Question 1
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added in the beginning of a
word which makes a new word.
1. True
2. False
12
HOMONYMS
• A word that sounds the same or is spelled the same as another

word but has a different meaning
• The word "homonym" comes from the prefix "homo-," which
means the same, and the suffix "-nym," which means name.
• A simple example of a homonym is the word "pen." This can mean
both "a holding area for animals" and "a writing instrument.
• Another example is "book," which can mean "something to read"
or "the act of making a reservation." In both cases, the sound and
spelling are the same, and only the definition changes.
13
EXAMPLES OF HOMONYMS
Homonyms Sentence Formation
Address - I can give you the address of a good attorney.

Address
That letter was addressed to me.
Band – Band The band was playing old Beatles songs.
She always ties her hair back in a band.

Bat – Bat I am afraid of bats.
It’s his first time at bat in the major leagues.

14
HOMOPHONES
• A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying

extent) as another word but differs in meaning.
• A homophone may also differ in spelling.
• The two words may be spelled the same, such as rose (flower)
and rose (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such as carat, and
carrot, or to, two, and too.
• The term "homophone" may also apply to units longer or shorter
than words, such as phrases, letters, or groups of letters which
are pronounced the same as another phrase, letter, or group of
letters.
15
EXAMPLES OF HOMOPHONES
Homophones Usage in Sentences
Scene – Seen The police soon arrived at the scene of the crime.
He crouched down so he couldn’t be seen.
Holy – Wholly The priest puts some holy water on the child’s head.
The report claimed that the disaster was wholly
unavoidable.
I – Eye I moved to this city six years ago.
Ow! I’ve got something in my eye!
Right – Write Keep on the right side of the road.
She had to write a report on the project.
16
Poll Question 2
A homophone may also differ in spelling
1. Yes
2. No
17
HOMOGRAPHS
• A homograph is a word that
shares the same written form
as another word but has a
different meaning.
• A word which is spelled the
same as another word, but
that has a different meaning,
origin, or pronunciation.
• Homographs are words with
the same spelling but having
more than one meaning.
www.twinkl.fr 18
EXAMPLES OF HOMOGRAPHS
Homographs Usage in Senetences
Wind (air) - Wind (to It is very windy today
bring to closure) Before winding up the meeting, I want to
congratulate everyone for their hard work.
Row (a queue, a line of We were sitting in the front row, so we could see
seats) - Row (To row a everything written on the board.
boat) Row your boat, gently down the stream
Present (the current We should always live in the present and not worry
moment) - Present (gift) too much about the future!
She got so many presents on her birthday!
19
Poll Question 3
Homograph is a word that has different meaning, origin or
pronounciation
1. True
2. False
20
Quick Quiz
Choose the correct word.
1.I was worried because ninjas are masters of the marshal /
martial arts.
2. I could feel their cold stairs / stares on me.
3. I returned to class with the answer keys and everyone rose /
rows and cheered for me.
4.This is my favorite (pare, pair, pear) of jeans
5.The school (principal, principle) spoke to a group of parents.
6.(He’ll, Heel, Heal) be here in a few minutes.
7.The teacher walked down the (aisle, isle) between the rows of
desks.
21
APPLICATIONS
• English is an international language. This is greatly because of
the word formation mechanism used to coin new words in the
language.
• When a language creates new words, by borrowing for
instance, it not only helps maintain that language's own vitality
but also other languages can borrow from the initial language.
22
Assessment Pattern
Students are assessed on the basis of the following
parameters:
• Hourly Tests - 2
• Assignments
• Surprise Test
• Quiz
• Student Engagement
• End Semester Exam
23
REFERENCES
• Reference Books: English Grammar & Composition by Wren &
Martin
• www.7ESL.com
• www.dictionary.cambridge.org
• www.englishforeveryone.org
• www.freshersnow.com
24
THANK YOU
For queries
Email: communicationskills.uilah@gmail.com

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University Institute of Liberal

Arts and Humanities

WORD FORMATION DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

Augment students overall communication and interpersonal skills

Enrich their reading capability with special emphasis on expanding

“Cook” is a base word.

• Prefixes and Suffixes are both Affixes.

war pre - war time (before)

argue, endorse, -ment arguement, endorsement,

• A word that sounds the same or is spelled the same as another

Address - I can give you the address of a good attorney.

She always ties her hair back in a band.

It’s his first time at bat in the major leagues.

• A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying

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