Family

Planning
01
What is family
planning ?
Family planning
Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have,
including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them.

Things that may play a role in family planning decisions include:

● Marital situations

● Career or work considerations

● Financial situations

● If sexually active, family planning may involve the use of contraception (birth control) and
other techniques to control the timing of reproduction.
Family planning
Other aspects of family planning aside from contraception include sex education, prevention and
management of sexually transmitted infections, pre-conception counseling and management, and
infertility management.

Family planning, as defined by the United Nations and the World Health Organization, encompasses
services leading up to conception.

For many, the purpose of family planning is to make sure that any couple, man, or woman who has a child
has the resources that are needed in order to complete this goal.

With these resources a couple, man or woman can explore the options of natural birth, surrogacy,
artificial insemination, or adoption.

If the person does not wish to have a child at a specific time, they can investigate the resources that are
needed to prevent pregnancy, such as birth control, contraceptives, or physical protection and prevention.
 02
Purposes
Purposes
01 Recources
When women can pursue additional education and paid employment, families can invest
more in each child. Children with fewer siblings tend to stay in school longer than those
with many siblings.

If you have more children, you have a lesser chance to invest in their well-being and
development needs.
Purposes
02 Health
The WHO states about maternal health that:

"Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the
postpartum period. While motherhood is often a positive and fulfilling experience, for too
many women it is associated with suffering, ill-health and even death.“

Both early and late motherhood have increased risks. Young teenagers face a higher risk of
complications and death as a result of pregnancy

When planning a family, women should be aware that reproductive risks increase with
age. Like older men, older women have a higher chance of having a child with autism or
Down syndrome
Purposes
03 Finances
Family planning is among the most cost-effective of all health interventions. "The cost
savings stem from a reduction in unintended pregnancy, as well as a reduction in
transmission of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV“

In the Copenhagen Consensus produced by Nobel laureates in collaboration with the

UN, universal access to contraception ranks as the third-highest policy initiative in social,
economic, and environmental benefits for every dollar spent.

Societies will experience fewer dependents and more women in the workforce, driving
faster economic growth. The costs of universal access to contraceptives will be about $3.6
billion/year, but the benefits will be more than $400 billion annually and maternal deaths
will be reduced by 150,000.
-UNFPA
 03
Modern Methods
Methods use for family planning
Modern Methods

01 Contraception
Several contraceptive methods are available to prevent unwanted pregnancy. There are
natural methods and various chemical-based methods,

Behavioral methods to avoid pregnancy that involve vaginal intercourse include the
withdrawal and calendar-based methods,

Long-acting reversible contraceptive methods, such as intrauterine devices (IUD) and

implants are highly effective and convenient, requiring little user action.

In addition to providing birth control, male and/or female condoms protect against
sexually transmitted infections (STI)
Modern Methods

01 Contraception
● Hormonal Methods: These methods use hormones to prevent ovulation (the release
of an egg) or fertilization (the meeting of sperm and egg). Examples include birth
control pills, patches, vaginal rings, implants, and injections.
● Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): IUDs are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the
uterus to prevent pregnancy. They can be hormonal or non-hormonal.
● Barrier Methods: These methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg.
Examples include condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges.
● Spermicides: Spermicides are spermicidal creams, foams, gels, or suppositories that
kill sperm. They are often used with barrier methods for added protection.
● Sterilization: Sterilization is a surgical procedure that blocks the fallopian tubes (in
women) or vas deferens (in men) to permanently prevent pregnancy. Examples
include tubal ligation and vasectomy.
Safe Sex

Safe sex is all about practicing sexual activity in a way that minimizes the risk of
unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI)

Remember: No method of contraception is 100% effective. Safe sex is about

reducing risk, not eliminating it entirely. By following these practices, you can create
a safe and enjoyable sexual experience for yourself and your partner
Modern Methods

02 Assisted reproductive technology

Some families or women seek assistance through surrogacy, in which a woman agrees to
become pregnant and deliver a child for another couple or person (this is not allowed in
all countries)

There are two types of surrogacy:

● Traditional surrogacy the surrogate uses her own eggs and carries the child for her
intended parents. This procedure is done in a doctor's office through intrauterine
insemination (IUI).
● Gestational surrogacy occurs when the intended mother's or a donor egg is
fertilized outside the body and then the embryos are transferred into the uterus. The
woman who carries the child is often referred to as a gestational carrier.
Modern Methods

03 Fertility awareness
Fertility awareness refers to a set of practices used to determine the fertile and infertile
phases of a woman's menstrual cycle. These methods may be used to avoid pregnancy, to
achieve pregnancy, or as a way to monitor gynecological health.

These methods are used for various reasons: There are no drug-related side effects, they
are free to use and only have a small upfront cost, they work for both achieving and
preventing pregnancy and they may be used for religious reasons.

● Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FABMs): FABMs involve tracking your

menstrual cycle to identify your fertile window (the days when you can get pregnant).
Prostitution

01 What is prostitution
The practice of engaging in relatively indiscriminate sexual activity, in general with
someone who is not a spouse or a friend, in exchange for immediate payment in money or
other valuables.

Prostitution in the Philippines is illegal, although somewhat tolerated, with law

enforcement being rare with regards to sex workers. Penalties range up to life
imprisonment for those involved in trafficking, which is covered by the Anti-Trafficking in
Persons Act of 2003.

Prostitution carries a number of risks, both physical and emotional.

Prostitution

01 Health Risks
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Sex workers have a higher risk of contracting
STIs, including HIV, due to the nature of their work.
What are the most common STIs in the Philippines?
● Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
● Syphilis.
● Human Papillomavirus (HPV): the virus that causes genital warts and some types of
cancer.
● Gonorrhea.
Prostitution

01 Health Risks
Pregnancy: Unintended pregnancy is a risk, though some sex workers may take
precautions like contraception.

Women who have unintended pregnancies are more likely to delay prenatal care,
experience violence, and have mental health problems. In addition, children of women
who have unintended pregnancies are at increased risk for mental and physical health
problems — and they’re more likely to struggle in school.
 04
Providers of Help
 Providers

01 Direct government support

Direct government support for family planning includes providing family planning education and
supplies through government-run facilities such as hospitals, clinics, health posts and health centers
and through government fieldworkers.

Family Planning is a national mandated priority public health program to attain the country's
national health development for the improvement of the health and welfare of mothers, children,
and other members of the family. May 4, 2020 (Department Of Health)

RA 10354, is a Philippine law that provides universal access to methods of contraception,

fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care in the Philippines. mandates the
Philippine government to comprehensively address the needs of Filipino citizens when it comes to
responsible parenthood and reproductive health.
 Providers

02 Private sector
The private sector includes nongovernmental and faith-based organizations that typically provide
free or subsidized services to for-profit medical providers, pharmacies and drug shops.

Private organizations can provide sustainable markets for contraceptive services through social
marketing, social franchising, and pharmacies

Workplace policies and programs help expand access to family planning information. The Family
Guidance Association of Ethiopia, which works with more than 150 enterprises to improve health
services, analyzed health outcomes in one factory over 10 years and found reductions in unintended
pregnancies and STIs as well as sick leave.
 Providers

03 Non-governmental organizations
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) may meet the needs of the local poor by encouraging
self-help and participation, understanding social and cultural subtleties, and working around red
tape when governments do not adequately meet the needs of their constituents.

A successful NGO can uphold family planning services even when a national program is threatened
by political forces