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FM Topic 3 Lecture 2

This document discusses using graphs to solve quadratic and simultaneous equations. It provides examples of drawing graphs of quadratic functions and using the intersection point of two graphs to solve simultaneous equations graphically.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views20 pages

FM Topic 3 Lecture 2

This document discusses using graphs to solve quadratic and simultaneous equations. It provides examples of drawing graphs of quadratic functions and using the intersection point of two graphs to solve simultaneous equations graphically.

Uploaded by

xebulem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Foundation Mathematics

Topic 3 - Lecture 2: Solving algebraic


equations using graphs

Presenting quadratic equations in graphical


form
Solving simultaneous equations using graphs

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.2

Scope and Coverage


This topic will cover:
• The presentation of quadratic equations as graphs
• Solving simultaneous equations using graphs

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.3

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic students will be able to:
• Present a range of quadratic equations in graphical form
• Solve simultaneous equations using graphs

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.4

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic


Equations - 1
• a x2+ b x + c where a, b and c are constants is a quadratic
function of x

• When plotted, quadratic functions always give a smooth


curve known as a parabola (or a parabolic curve)

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.5

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic Equations - 2


• Example
• Plot the graph of y  3x  10 x 
2
8
between x=-6 and x=4
• As we have done before it is easiest to set out a table of values for x
and then calculate the corresponding values for y
• Therefore for our range of x values we get:
x -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
3x2 108 75 48 27 12 3 0 3 12 27 48
10x -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
-8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8 -8
y 40 17 0 -11 -16 -15 -8 5 24 49 80

Remember we only plot values of x against y

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.6

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic Equations - 3


By plotting our values of x against those calculated for y we get the
following graph:

Quadratic graphs
always give this
curved shape.

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.7

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic Equations - 4


• By understanding how we can plot information on a graph it
is possible to solve quadratic equations using this method.
This can provide a useful way of solving equations and
presenting information in accessible ways.
• Example:
Plot the graph of between x=-2 and x=3. And
therefore solve the equation 7 x  5
 2
y 6 x
6 x 2
 7 x  5  but
• We can of course solve the equation by factorising 0
graphs can be more fun

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.8

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic Equations - 5


• Example continued:
• The first thing we need to do is to set up our table of values

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3

y 33 8 -5 -6 5 28

• To solve the equation we have to find the


6 x 2
values of x when y=0. That is, 7we
x have
5  0to find the values of
x where the graph cuts the x-axis

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.9

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic Equations - 6


• The graph of our equation appears as:

A -0.5

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.10

Drawing Graphs of Quadratic Equations - 7


• Once we have our graph it is easy to see the points on the graph
when y = 0. These are shown by points A and B. We can then read
the corresponding numerical value on the x axis.

Therefore the
values of x are
x = -0.5 or
x = 1.76
B
A -0.5

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.11

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous


Equations - 1
• Although it is possible to solve simultaneous equations using
techniques discussed in our previous unit, it is also possible
for this to be achieved using graphs.
• This approach will be illustrated by example:
• Solve graphically y-2x=2 …………….. 1
3y+x=20 ……………2
• To simplify these expressions
• Equation 1 can be written as y  2  2x
20  x
• Equation 2 can be written as y
3

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.12

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 2


• By placing information into a table (as we have done for single
equations) we can plot the two equations on the same axes.

• Now that we have this information we can plot both values of y


against x on the same graph

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.13

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 3


• The solutions of the equations are the co-ordinates of the point where the two lines cross

As we can see
the graphs intersect at the
point where x = 2
and where y = 6

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.14

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 4


• The solutions for the equations
y – 2x = 2 …………………(1)
3y + x = 20 …………………(2)

• Are x = 2 and y = 6

• To check this we can substitute values into our equations


• From equation 1 we get
-6–2x2=2 ……..which is correct

• From equation 2 we get


- 18 + 2 = 20 ……..which is correct

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.15

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 5


• A further example:
• Draw the graph of y  (3  2 x)(3  for
x) values of x from
1
to 3 2
 1

• On the same axes, and with the same scales, draw the
graph of 3 y  2 x  14
• From your graphs determine the values of x for which
3(3  2 x)(3  x)  2 x  14

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.16

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 6


• To plot the graph of y  (3  2 x)(3 we
x) draw up the
following table

2 x  14
• The equation 3 y  2 x  14
may be written as y
3
• To draw this graph we need only take three points
since it is a linear equation.

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.17

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 7


Plotting values for the equation requires us to prepare a table of values

Now that we have the values for both our equations we may plot these graphically

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.18

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 8


Plotting the graph of our equations gives us the following shape:

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.19

Graphical Solution for Simultaneous Equations - 9


• Since we were asked to find the co-ordinates of x when
the equation 3(3  2 x)(3  x)  2 x  14
• Remember this equation may be written as
2 x  14
(3  2 x)(3  x) 
3
• The co-ordinates where the curve and the line intersect
therefore give us the values when
2 x  14
(3  2 x)(3  x) 
3
• And thus give the solutions which are x and
1
x  2.17

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Solving Algebraic Equations using Graphs 2 Topic 3 - 2.20

Topic 3 – Solving Algebraic Equations using


Graphs 2

Any Questions?

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