Rocks

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LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND IDENTIFY WHAT

IT IS?
pre- assessment
1. Which rock is known for its hardness and is often used in cutting tools and jewelry?
a) Sedimentary b) Igneous c) Diamond
2. What is the process where rocks change from one type to another over time?
a) Melting b) Weathering c) The Rock Cycle
3. How do sedimentary rocks form?
a) From cooling lava
b) Layers of sediments compacted and cemented
c) Under high heat and pressure
Rock
• Rock is a natural substance composed of different minerals that
have been fused together

• Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to


the processes that resulted in their formation.
TYPES OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS

• Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock


cools to a solid state.
• They are mostly crystalline and usually very
hard to break.
• Igneous rocks are formed at high temperatures
• Magma is hot melted rock inside the Earth.
• During volcanic eruption, the magma comes
out onto the Earth's surface, it's called lava.
• Lava cools down and becomes solid, forming
igneous rocks.
TYPES

• Intrusive igneous rocks form


below the Earth's surface
and have larger crystals due
to slower cooling.
• Example: granite

• Extrusive igneous rocks


form at the Earth's surface
and have smaller crystals
due to rapid cooling.
Example: basalt.
GRANITE
• Granite is a very hard rock. It is formed from the slow
cooling and solidification of molten magma beneath
the Earth's surface (INTRUSIVE)
• Granite is made up of different minerals, including
quartz, feldspar, and mica.
• These minerals give granite its unique appearance and
texture.
• Granite comes in various colors such as pink, gray,
white, and black.
• It often has interesting patterns and speckles due to
the combination of minerals
• It is used for kitchen countertops, floor tiles and
decorative purposes
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
• Sedimedimentary rocks are formed from tiny pieces of
rocks, shells, plants, and other materials called sediment.
• These sediments can be carried by wind, water, or ice.
• As the sediments travel, they settle down in layers. Over a
very long time, more and more layers build up on top of
each other.
• The weight of the layers pressing down squeezes the lower
layers, making them compact.
• Minerals in the water, stick the sediments together. This
process is called cementation.
• After compaction and cementation, the sediments turn
into solid rock. This rock is called a sedimentary rock.
Uses of Sedimentary Rocks

• The use of sedimentary rock can be


found in most buildings and monuments.
• Limestone is used to make cement.
• Limestone and sandstone are used for
building stones
• Quartz is a type of sedimentary rock
which is used to make glass.
• Rock gypsum is used to make plaster.
is diamond a rock?
DIAMOND
• A diamond is a precious rocks. It is a clear and very hard mineral.
• Diamonds form deep in the Earth under high pressure and temperature.
• Over a very long time (millions of years), carbon atoms arrange into a structure,
creating a diamond.
• Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth.
• They can cut through almost anything and are used in cutting tools, drilling, jewelry
and polishing of other hard objects.
• Diamonds can be clear or come in various colors like yellow, brown, blue, and more.
• The most valuable diamonds are often colorless and transparent.
Uses:
• Diamonds are not only used in jewelry but also in various industries.
• They are used for cutting, grinding, and drilling because of their hardness.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks
(igneous, sedimentary or even other
metamorphic rocks) due to pressure or heat.
• Due to the heat and pressure, the rocks change.
They can get squished, stretched, or even
twisted.
• The minerals in the rock can also rearrange
themselves, creating a new texture and
appearance.
• After all these changes, a new rock forms. This
rock is now called a metamorphic rock.
• They have a different texture and appearance
than the rocks they formed from.
• Examples: Marble, slate, and schist
MARBLE
• Marble is a metamorphic rock that formed from limestone, a sedimentary rock.
• The process involves heat and pressure deep within the Earth, causing the
minerals in the limestone to change into marble.
• Marble is shiny and hard. It has a smooth and often polished surface that feels
cool to the touch.
• When polished, marble can have a glossy appearance, making it highly attractive
• Marble comes in a variety of colors, including white, gray, green, pink, and more.
• It is used in making statues buildings and monuments
Uses of Marble:
• It's used for creating sculptures, building facades, and in interior design for items
like countertops, floors, and decorative pieces.
• EXAMPLES :The Taj Mahal in India and the Parthenon in Greece are famous
structures made, in part, from marble.
• Many ancient statues, like Michelangelo's David, were sculpted from marble.
USE THE LINKS AND PRACTICE
WORKSHEETS

• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/science/1331386
• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/social-science/163685
• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/geography/672889
• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/earth-science/1448847
• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/earth-science/2043043
• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/science/1844829
AFL
1. Which rock is often used in sculptures, buildings, and comes in various colors?
a) Igneous b) Sedimentary c) Marble (Metamorphic)
2. Label the following rocks as either Igneous, Sedimentary, or Metamorphic.
a) Granite
b) Sandstone
c) Marble
3. At the seashore, Emma discovered a rock with visible shells and plant fragments.
What type of rock is it?
a) Sedimentary b) Igneous c) Metamorphic
AFL
1. Which rock is often used in sculptures, buildings, and comes in various colors?
a) Igneous b) Sedimentary c) Marble (Metamorphic)
2. Label the following rocks as either Igneous, Sedimentary, or Metamorphic.
a) Granite - Igneous
b) Sandstone – Sedimentary
c) Marble – Metamorphic

3. At the seashore, Emma discovered a rock with visible shells and plant fragments.
What type of rock is it?
a) Sedimentary b) Igneous c) Metamorphic
HOTS
• Imagine you are a geologist exploring a new planet. You find a rock
that looks like it has layers and is made up of tiny particles. What
type of rock do you think you've discovered, and why?

• Imagine you are building a garden in your backyard. You have three
types of rocks to choose from: one is smooth and shiny, another is
rough and has lots of little holes, and the third one is layered and
looks a bit like pages in a book. Which rock would you choose for
your garden, justify?
SKILL BASED QUESTION

• Imagine you are a geologist exploring a


new area. You find a rock and want to
identify its type. Describe three things
you would observe about the rock and
how each observation might help you
determine if it's an igneous, sedimentary,
or metamorphic rock.
REAL LIFE QUESTION
• Imagine you are going on a camping trip with
your family. While exploring the area, you come
across three different rocks. One rock is smooth
and rounded, another is rough and has small
crystals, and the third one is very lightweight
and crumbles easily. Can you identify the type of
each rock, and what clues did you use to make
your identification?
CROSS CURRICULAR LINK –SST
CHOOSE 1

• Create a map of where each type of rock


was found abundantly.
(OR)
• Explore and collect famous structures
made from rocks worldwide, such as the
Great Pyramids or Stonehenge. Connect
these structures to historical events and
discuss the significance of using rocks
in construction.

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