OSPF

Prof. Neylor Michel

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 Introduction

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 Introduction to OSPF
Background of OSPF
 Began in 1987
 1989 OSPFv1 released in RFC 1131
This version was experimental & never deployed
 1991 OSPFv2 released in RFC 1247
 1998 OSPFv2 updated in RFC 2328
 1999 OSPFv3 published in RFC 2740

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 Introduction to OSPF
Hello Protocol
 OSPF Hello Packet
–Purpose of Hello Packet
 Discover OSPF neighbors & establish adjacencies
 Advertise guidelines on which routers must agree to become
neighbors
 Used by multi-access networks to elect a designated router and
a backup designated router

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 Introduction to OSPF
 Hello Packets continued
Contents of a Hello Packet
router ID of transmitting router
 OSPF Hello Intervals
–Usually multicast (224.0.0.5)
–Sent every 30 seconds for NBMA segments
 OSPF Dead Intervals
–This is the time that must transpire
before the neighbor is considered
down
–Default time is 4 times
the hello interval

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 How Routing Information Is Maintained

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 Link-State Routing Protocol Algorithms

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 Steps in the Operation of OSPF
Selecting the Best Route

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 OSPF Metric
 COST of an OSPF route
Is the accumulated value from one router to the next

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Basic OSPF Configuration
Modifying the Cost of a link
 Both sides of a serial link should be configured with the
same bandwidth
–Commands used to modify bandwidth value
Bandwidth command
–Example: Router(config-if)#bandwidthbandwidth-kbps
ip ospf cost command – allows you to directly specify
interface cost
-Example:R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost
1562

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 Modifying OSPF Cost Metric

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 Introduction to OSPF
OSPF Algorithm
 OSPF routers build &
maintain link-state
database containing LSA
received from other routers
–Information found in
database is utilized upon
execution of Dijkstra SPF
algorithm
–SPF algorithm used to
create SPF tree
–SPF tree used to populate
routing table

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 Introduction to OSPF
Administrative Distance
 Default Administrative Distance for OSPF is 110

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 Introduction to OSPF
 OSPF Authentication
–Purpose is to encrypt & authenticate routing
information
–This is an interface specific configuration
–Routers will only accept routing information from
other routers that have been configured with the
same password or authentication information

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 Configuring OSPF Authentication

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 OSPF Overview

OSPF is becoming the preferred IGP

protocol when compared with RIPv1 and
RIPv2 because it is scalable.
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 OSPF Terminology

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 Introduction to OSPF
 Hello protocol packets contain information that is used
in electing
-Designated Router (DR)
 DR is responsible for updating all other OSPF routers
-Backup Designated Router (BDR)
 This router takes over DR’s responsibilities if DR fails

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
Lab Topology
 Topology used for this chapter
Discontiguous IP addressing scheme
Since OSPF is a classless routing protocol the subnet mask is
configured in

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
The router ospf command
 To enable OSPF on a router use the following
command
R1(config)#router ospf process-id
Process id
 A locally significant number between 1 and 65535
-this means it does not have to match other OSPF
routers

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
 OSPF network command
-Requires entering: network address
wildcard mask - the inverse of the
subnet mask
area-id - area-id refers to the OSPF
area. OSPF area is a group of routers
that share link state information
-Example: Router(config-router)#network network-address
wildcard-ask area area-id

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 Basic OSPF Configuration
OSPF Router ID
 Commands used to verify current router ID
–Show ip protocols
–Show ip ospf
–Show ip ospf interface

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 192.168.10.0 (sub-rede)
192.168.10.8/30 192.168.10.1 (1)
255.255.255.252 192.168.10.2 (2)
255 192.168.10.3 (broadcast)
-252
_____ 192.168.10.4 (sub-rede)
3 192.168.10.5
.6
.7 (broadcast)
192.168.10.0/30
255.255.255.11111100 192.168.10.8 rede
.9
.10
.11 broad
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 192.168.10.0 (rede)
192.168.10.1 (primeiro)
192.168.10.192/26
...
255.255.255.192
192.168.10.62 (último)
192.168.10.63 (broad)

255
-192 2^2=4
_____ 00- 0 63
63 01- 64 - 127
10- 128 191
11- 192 - 255

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 64/27 30 B

116/30 112/30

120/30 A
c
14 60
200.20.2.0/24

96/28 0/26
255
-224
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 200.20.2.0 / 24

00000000

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