Heart and Abdomen

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Congenital heart disease, also

called a defect, refers to one


or more problems with the
heart structure that are
present at birth.
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The medical name for stretch marks is striae. Stretch
marks (striae) result from rapid stretching of the skin
which may occur with obesity, pubertal growth spurts,
pregnancy, or from other influences such as Cushing
syndrome. Stretch marks (striae) can appear when
there is rapid stretching of the skin.
A hernia occurs when part of your insides bulges through
an opening or weakness in the muscle or tissue that
contains it. Most hernias involve one of your abdominal
organs pushing through one of the walls of your
abdominal cavity.
Normally, you won't hear any vascular sounds
because unobstructed blood flow through an
artery is silent. Note the location of any vascular
sounds. Partial obstruction of an artery creates
turbulent blood flow, leading to vascular sounds
such as a bruit: blowing/swooshing noises.
Tympany is typically heard over air-filled structures
such as the small intestine and the large intestine.
Dullness is typically heard over fluid or solid organs
such as the liver or spleen, which can be used to
determine the margins of the liver and spleen. This
can help with estimating the size of these organs and
can help to identify organomegaly (i.e., enlarged
organs).
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The aortic valve is one of four heart valves and is
the final one encountered by oxygenated blood as
it leaves the heart.
The pulmonary heart valve
opens, allowing deoxygenated
blood to leave the right
ventricle and flow to the lungs
via the pulmonary artery.
The tricuspid valve controls
the flow of blood from your
heart's right atrium (top
chamber) to the right
ventricle (bottom chamber).
The mitral valve is one of four
valves in the heart. It
regulates blood flow from the
upper left chamber (left
atrium) into the lower left
chamber (left ventricle).

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