FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Federal Government

A system of dividing up power between a central national

government an local state governments that are connected to
one another by the national government.
Some areas of public life are under the control of national
government.
Some areas are under control of the local governments.
 MODE OF ELECTION
United States election are held for government officials at the
federal, state and local levels. At the federal , the nation’s
head of state, the president is elected indirectly by the people
of each state, through an electoral college.
All members of the federal legislature, the congress are
directly elected by the people of each state .
JOSEPH ROBINNETTE BIDEN
JR.
(President of US)

Head of State
Head of Government
Commander-in-chief
4 years (renewable once)
QUALIFICATIONS

Natural born citizen

Minimum age of 35 years old
U.S resident for 14 years
How is president being elected?

There are total of 538 electors selected according

to each state’s policy.
Each electors casts one vote following the general
election, and the candidate who gets more than
270 wins.
When did U.S become federal government?

1789
Following the American Revolutionary War, the Articles of
Confederation were adopted in 1781 to establish the federal
government. These were succeeded by the constitution of the
United States in 1789, which is the current governing
document of the United States.
USA GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

The Constitution establishes a federal democratic republic

form of government.
The Federal Government is composed of three distinct
branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers
are vested by the U.S. Constitution in congress, the
president, and the federal courts, respectively.
THE THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT

Executive
Legislative
Judicial
EXECUTIVE

The branch consists of the president, his or her

advisors and various departments and agencies.
This branch is responsible for enforcing the
laws of the land.
 To eligible for the office of the president, you must meet the following
qualifications established by the United States Constitution;

1. Be a natural born citizens of United States

2. Be a 35 years old by the time you will take the oath of office
 LEGISLATIVE
 Also kwon as US CONGRESS
 Bicameral
 100 US Senators
- Elected to six-year terms by the people of each state
- Senators term are staggered so that about one-third of the senate is up
for reelection for two years.
 435 Representatives
 Responsible for making and passing laws
The delegates voted on June 12 to set a minimum age
of 30 for the senate and later added a minimum age of
25 for serving in the house. They maintained that
members of the senate ought to be older and more
experienced and, perhaps, wiser.
 JUDICIAL

The judicial branch is in charge of deciding the meaning of

laws, how to apply them, to real situations, and whether a
law breaks the rules of the constitution. The constitution is
the highest law of our nation . The U.S Supreme court in
the United States , is part of Judicial branch.
The constitution does not specify qualifications for justices
such as age, education, profession or native-born citizenship.
Code, Section 371 (c). Beginning at age 65, a judge may
retire at his or current salary or take senior status after
performing 15 years of active service as an Article lll judge
(65+15=80)
FRANCE
Mode of Election

A democratic SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC.

It’s semi-presidential system mixes the features of
parliamentary and presidential system.
In France, executive power is shared between a directly
elected president and prime minister responsible to legislature.
 France became a republic for the first time in
1792 and remained so until 1804. The current
government system known as the fifth republic
was established in 1958.
EMMANUEL MACRON
(President of France)  Head of state.
 He is elected directly by the people for the term of
five years . If no candidate obtains 50% of the vote,
the second round of voting is held between the two
top contenders after two weeks.
 The president can hold office for at most two
consecutive terms.
 One of the most important of his prerogatives is the
right to dissolve the National Assembly, the lower
chamber of the French parliament. However, the
president cannot veto bills accepted by the
parliament.
 The required personal qualifications for a candidate for the presidential elections are the same as those for
any other official election, as set forth in the French Electoral code (Code électoral). A candidate for an
election must be a French citizen, have attained the age of 18 years, be qualified to vote, not be ineligible by
reason of criminal conviction or judicial decision, and have a bank account.
GABRIEL ATTAL
(Prime Minister of France)
Head of Government
No term limit
The President, who appoints but cannot
dismiss
The Prime Minister, can request
resignation
The government of France, including
Prime Minister can be dismissed by
National Assembly.
Distribution of Power between the President and
the Prime Minister

 According to the constitution, the President “shall preside over the Council of Ministers”
while the Prime Minister “shall direct the actions of the government”.
 The President heads the government and is more powerful than the Prime Minister.
 The President sets over all policy direction, while the Prime Minister is responsible for
implementation and ensuring legislative support.
 The President is even more powerful figure than under presidential systems because he
directly controls both the cabinet and the legislature.
THE THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT

Executive
Legislative
Judicial
EXECUTIVE

 The French president is the head of state. He or she is elected directly by the people for the term of five
years. If no candidate obtains 50% of the vote, the second round of voting is held between the two top
contenders after two weeks. The president can hold office for at most two consecutive terms. One of the
most important of his prerogatives is the right to dissolve the National Assembly, the lower chamber of the
French parliament. However, the president cannot veto bills accepted by the parliament.
EXECUTIVE

 In theory, the prime minister heads the French government. Along with other ministers, he or she is
appointed by the president (yet, the prime minister countersigns other ministerial appointments). However,
the prime minister and the government are responsible to the National Assembly as they might be dismissed
through a vote of no confidence. Hence, the French government must enjoy support of the parliamentary
majority.
 LEGISLATIVE

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY(LOWER HOUSE)

O National assembly contains 577 members. While most of these represent rough blocks about 100,000 French citizens, some also
represent French territories or overseas dependencies. And 11 members even represent French nationals living abroad.
O Members of the national assembly serve 5-year term
O More powerful of the two branches and it can even force a president to resign if they pass a motion censuring the president, thoug
this rarely occurs.
O More preoccupied with crafting and amending laws which are introduced by either private members or the prime ministers.
 Eligibility conditions
 First, a candidate must have French citizenship. Secondly, the minimum age required to run for a seat at the
National Assembly is set at 18 years old. The candidate must also have fulfilled his National Civic Day, a
special day created to replace the military service.
 LEGISLATIVE

 SENATE(UPPER HOUSE)
 The senate is much smaller house, made up of 348 members.
 Senators are directly elected by the roughly 150,000 grand electors of France.
 The senate main duties are similar to the national assembly: creating and/or amending laws introduced by its
members or the executive branch.
 What is the minimum age to be a senator in France?
 In France, any citizen 18 years of age or older can be elected to the lower house of Parliament, and 24 years
or older for the Senate.

 Half of the Senate seats are up for election every three years; the term of office is six years.
JUDICIAL

 Court system of france

 The courts in France are also divided into two parts: judicial courts (those dealing with criminal and civil
laws) and administrative courts. Public law is applied in the administrative courts (tribunaux administratifs).
The highest of the judiciary courts is the Supreme Court of Appeals (Cour de cassation).
 There are 36 courts of appeals, 161 tribunaux de grande instance , and 307 tribunaux d’instance (the lowest
level). At the top of the administrative courts rests the Council of State (Conseil d’État), with 8 courts of
appeal (cours administratives d’appel) and 42 tribunaux administratifs
 There is a third unique aspect of the judiciary in France—the Constitutional Council (Conseil
constitutionnel). This branch oversees review of statutes before they are enacted as well as overseeing
national elections and answering questions from citizens regarding the constitutionality of laws. The Conseil
constitutionnel has nine members: three are appointed by the president, three by the head of the National
Assembly, and three by the head of the Senate.
QUALIFICATIONS

 They must be at least 35 years old and have had a professional career that makes them particularly suitable
to become a judge or prosecutor. Their applications are reviewed by a Commission chaired by the First
President of the Cour de Cassation.
RUSSIA
 MODE OF ELECTION

 Russia is a federal republic with a SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL system of government

 Russia elects a president as head of state and a parliament, one of the two
chambers of the Federal Assembly. The president is elected for at most two
consecutive six-year terms by the people.
 The federal assembly has two chambers. The State of Duma has 450 members,
elected for five-year term. The Federation Council is not directly elected; each of
the 89 federal subjects of Russia send 2 delegates to the federal council, for the
total of 208 (178 delegates from region) + 30 Russian representative.
Vladimir Putin  Head of State.
(President of Russia)
 The president is elected for six-years
 He is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian
Federation and of Human and Civil Rights and
Freedom.
 He adopts measure to protect the sovereignty of the
Russian Federation, it’s independence and state
integrity, and ensures the coordinated functioning and
interaction of state government bodies.
 He is the supreme commander-in-chief of the Armed
Forces of the Russian Federation.
QUALIFICATIONS
Any Russian citizen not younger than 35 years old
Who has resided in Russian federation a permanent basis for not less
than 10 years may be elected president.

The president maybe impeached by the federation council only the

basis of charges of HIGH TREASON or another GRAVE CRIME
brought by the State Duma
MIKHAIL MISHUSTIN
(Prime Minister of Russia)

Head of Government
No fixed Term
Appointed by the President, with the
consent of State of Duma
THE THREE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT

Executive
Legislative
Judicial
 MAIN POWERS ELECTION PROCESS ELECTION CYCLE
E
• President is not the head of the executive • President is elected by absolute • 4 years
X branch, but rather a guarantor of the
constitution, can submit draft legislation, deals
majority vote through a two-
round system.
E with domestic/foreign policy.

• Premier determines operating priorities of the • Premier is appointed by the

C government, represent the government in
foreign relations, signs acts of the government.
president.

U • The president is the commander in-chief of the

T military, can veto legislative bills before they

become law, and appoints the Cabinet and
other officers, who administer and enforce
I federal laws and policies.

V
E
 MAIN POWERS ELECTION PROCESS ELECTION CYLE
L
E • The Bicameral federal assembly, made up of the FEDERATION COUNCIL
450 member of State of Duma and the 166 (upper house)
FEDERATION
COUNCIL
G member of Federation Council, adopts federal
law, declares war, approve treaties, has the power • appointed by regional • No specified term
I of the purse and the power of impeachment of the
president.
governing councils. limits

S • A Russian Citizen upon

• Federation council must cooperate with the State reaching 30 years or older STATE OF DUMA
L of Duma in the completion and voting upon draft and living in the region in
laws. question for the past 5 years • 5 years
A can become a member of the
• Federal laws concerning budgets, customs, federation council.
T regulations, credit monitoring and ratification of
international treaties are to be considered by the .
I council after they have been adopted from State
of Duma.
V
E
 MAIN POWERS ELECTION PROCESS ELECTION CYLE
L
E • The State of Duma is responsible for the
appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of
STATE OF DUMA
(lower house)
G Central Bank of Russia, Chairman and half of the
auditors of the Accounts Chamber and the • 225 members are elected
I Commissioner of Human rights. Also must
decide the issue of confidence announce amnesty
through a closed list
proportional representation
S and bring charges against the president for his system.
impeachment.
L • 225 members are elected by
plurality vote in single-
A member constituencies.

T
I
V
E
 MAIN POWER ELECTION PROCESS ELECTION CYCLE

J • Constitutional court rules on the • Nominated by the • Until resignation

constitutionality of laws, Supreme Court has President of Russia and
U original jurisdiction in some cases and in the
court of last resort for cases heard in lower
courts, and Supreme courts of arbitration is the
appointed by the
Federation Council.

D court of final instance in commercial disputes

and supervises the work of lower courts.

C • The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court,

Supreme Court of Arbitration and lower federal
courts, whose judges are appointed by the

I
Federation council on the recommendation of
the president, interpret laws and can overturn
laws they deem unconstitutional.

A
L