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    DLD 2022 2

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    Yasir Ali
    This document discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It covers converting between decimal and binary numbers, performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary, and representing signed numbers using complement forms.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DLD 2022 2

    Uploaded by

    Yasir Ali
    9 views17 pages
    This document discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It covers converting between decimal and binary numbers, performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary, and representing signed numbers using complement forms.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It covers converting between decimal and binary numbers, performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary, and representing signed numbers using complement forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views17 pages

    DLD 2022 2

    Uploaded by

    Yasir Ali
    This document discusses number systems and binary arithmetic. It covers converting between decimal and binary numbers, performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary, and representing signed numbers using complement forms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Digital Logic Design

    Number Systems
    Fall 2022
    Decimal Numbers
    • The decimal number system has ten digits (0-9)
    • The decimal number system has a base of 10
    • The position of each digit in a decimal number indicates the
    magnitude and assigned with weight.
    ………105 104 103 102 101 100

    • For fractional numbers, the weights are negative powers of ten


    that decrease from left to right beginning with 10 -1

    .
    ……………102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 ………..

    2
    Decimal Numbers
    • The value of a decimal number is the sum of the digits
    multiplied by its weight

    • Example: Express the decimal number 568.23 as a sum of the


    values of each digit
    568.23 = (5x102) + (6x101) + (8x100) + (2x10-1) + (3x10-2)
    = (5x100) + (6x10) + (8x1) + (2x0.1) + (3x0.01)
    = 500+60+8 + 0.2+0.03
    = 568.23

    3
    Binary Numbers
    • The binary number system has two digits (bits) 0 and 1
    • The binary number system has a base of 2
    • The weight or value of a bit increases from right to left in a
    binary number

    4
    Binary Numbers
    • The right-most bit is the LSB (least significant bit) in a binary
    number and has a weight of 20 = 1
    • The weights increase from right to left by a power of two for
    each bit
    • The left-most bit is the MSB (most significant bit)

    • Fractional numbers can also be represented in binary


    • The left-most bit is the MSB in a binary fractional number and
    has a weight of 2-1
    • The fractional weights decrease from left to right by a negative
    power of two for each bit

    ………23 22 21 20 . 2-1 2-2 …………


    5
    Binary to Decimal

    • Example: Convert the binary number 1101101 to decimal


    • Determine the weight of each bit, and then find the sum of the
    weights to get the decimal number
    Weight: 2 6 25 24 23 22 21 20
    Binary number: 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

    1101101 = 64+ 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
    = 109
    6
    Decimal to Binary
    • Sum-of-Weights Method
    • To get the binary number for a given decimal number, find the
    binary weights that add up to the decimal number
    23 2 2 2 1 2 0
    1 0 0 1 Binary number for decimal 9

    7
    Decimal to Binary
    • Repeated Division-by-2 Method
    • To get the binary number for a given decimal number, divide the
    decimal number by 2 until the quotient is 0. Remainders form
    the binary number.
    • Convert the following decimal numbers to binary: (a) 19 (b) 45

    8
    Binary Arithmetics
    • Binary Addition

    • Add the following binary numbers:


    (a) 11 + 11 (b) 100 + 10 (c) 111 + 11 (d) 110 + 100

    9
    Binary Arithmetics
    • Binary Subtraction

    • Subtract the following binary numbers:


    (a) 11- 01 (b) 11-10 (c) 101 - 11 (d) 101 - 011

    10
    Binary Arithmetics
    • Binary Multiplication

    11
    Binary Arithmetics
    • Binary Division
    • Perform the following binary divisions:

    12
    Complements of Binary Numbers
    • The 1’s complement and the 2’s complement of a binary
    number represents the negative numbers
    • 2’s complement is commonly used in computers to handle
    negative numbers

    13
    Complements of Binary Numbers
    • 1’s Complement
    • The 1’s complement of a binary number is found by
    changing all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s:

    14
    Complements of Binary Numbers
    • 2’s Complement
    • The 2’s complement of a binary number is found by adding
    1 to the LSB of the 1’s complement
    2’s complement = (1’s complement) + 1

    15
    Signed Numbers
    • Digital systems must be able to handle both positive and
    negative numbers. A signed binary number consists of both
    sign and magnitude information. The sign indicates
    whether a number is positive or negative, and the
    magnitude is the value of the number

    • There are three forms in which signed integer numbers can


    be represented in binary:
    – Sign-magnitude form
    – 1’s complement form
    – 2’s complement form

    16
    Signed Numbers

    17

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