Gerunds and Inf

Gerund and
Infinitive
1
Gerunds
A gerund is made by adding "-ing" to the verb:
read --- reading
write --- writing
swim --- swimming
2
Gerunds
 USE
1. Gerund is often used as a subject
 Examples:
Reading helps you learn English.
Swimming is a good exercise.
3
Gerunds
 USE
2. Gerund is used as an object after certain verbs.
 Examples:
I enjoy reading.
She dislikes playing badminton.
My father loves cooking.
4
Gerunds
 Gerunds are used after such prepositions as
after, on, with, without, before, by, etc.
Examples:
 Before leaving the house, she checked all
windows.
 He went on speaking without paying attention
to the noise.
 After leaving school she started to work.
Gerunds
 The negative form of Gerunds can be made by
adding "not"
 Examples:
He enjoys not working.
The best thing for your health is not smoking.
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Gerunds
 The gerund is often used after certain verbs:
avoid, feel like, mind, give up, spend time/money,
dislike, practice, suggest, enjoy, keep, etc.
Examples:
 I dislike working after 5 pm.
 We enjoy hiking.
 She avoided doing her homework until at 6
o’clock.
 She suggested going for a movie.
 He keeps talking about his problems.
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Gerunds
 Gerund is used after certain expressions
such as can’t stand, can’t bear, etc.
 He can’t help talking so loudly.

 I can’t stand her smoking in the office.
 He can’t bear having so much
responsibility.
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Infinitives
Bare Infinitive Full Infinitive
go to go
call to call
Examples:
They want to go now.
He promised to call her.
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Infinitives
 The infinitive is often used after certain verbs:
arrange, learn, plan, afford, deserve, manage,
promise, decide, hope, offer, need, expect,
want, pretend, appear, seem
I decided to go to the party
I promise to tell you the truth.
 The negative form of Infinitives can be made
by adding “not”
Examples:
 I decided not to go.
 I promise not to lie to you.

10
Infinitives
The infinitive is used:
1) After certain verbs, adjectives and nouns.
a. Verb + infinitive
They hope to reach the party on time.
I want to try the new ice-cream flavour.
b. Adjective + infinitive
I’m happy to hear you are well.
She’s determined to see him.
c. Noun + infinitive
I’ve got some homework to do. 11
Infinitives (extra info)
 The infinitive is used:
2) To express a purpose
 I got up early to do homework.
 I have some letters to write.
3) The infinitives can also follow certain nouns.

Nouns + infinitives
It’s a high price to pay.
It’s time to take a break.
He made a decision to take up extra subjects.
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Gerunds and Infinitives
 Some verbs (e.g. start, begin, continue) can take
gerund or infinitive, with similar meanings.
Examples:
 I started to wash the car, but then decided not to.
 I started washing the car, but then decided not to.
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BE CAREFUL!
 ‘To’ can be part of the infinitive or it can be a
preposition.
 Use gerund after the preposition ‘to’.
Examples:
I look forward to hearing from you. (√)
I look forward to hear from you. (X)
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 We can use gerund as the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
Living in the city center can be stressful.
Smoking is bad for you.
Listening to music is very relaxing.
15
Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund or the
infinitive. Then check your answers on the next slide.
1. I want ________ (finish) work early tonight.
2. I hate _________ (wait) for buses in the rain.
3. Anna deserves ________ (get) a promotion.
4. Sam is really good at ________ (climb).
5. Thank you for ________ (be) so helpful.
6. I enjoy ________ (listen) to the radio while cooking.
7. Let’s go now. I’m worried about ________ (miss) the
train.
8. He offered ________ (help) me with my homework.
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Answer Key
1. I want to finish (finish) work early tonight.
2. I hate waiting (wait) for buses in the rain.
3. Anna deserves to get (get) a promotion.
4. Sam is really good at climbing (climb).
5. Thank you for being (be) so helpful.
6. I enjoy listening (listen) to the radio while
cooking.
7. Let’s go now. I’m worried about missing (miss)
the train.
8. He offered to help (help) me with my homework.
17
Put the verbs in brackets into the gerund or the
infinitive. Then check your answers on the next slide.
9.I really love ________ (play) with children.

10. _________ (swim) is a good form of exercise.
11. I can’t stand ________ (do) the washing-up.
12. We managed ________ (pass) the exam by
testing each other every evening.
13. I was bored at home so I suggested _______ (go)
to the cinema.
14. He apologized for _________ (be) so rude.
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Answer Key
9.I really love playing (play) with children.

10. Swimming (swim) is a good form of exercise.
11. I can’t stand doing (do) the washing-up.
12. We managed to pass (pass) the exam by testing
each other every evening.
13. I was bored at home so I suggested going (go) to
the cinema.
14. He apologized for being (be) so rude.
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Gerunds and Inf

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Gerund and

 He can’t help talking so loudly.

 I promise not to lie to you.

 I have some letters to write.

3) The infinitives can also follow certain nouns.

 I started washing the car, but then decided not to.

 We can use gerund as the subject of the sentence.

9.I really love ________ (play) with children.

9.I really love playing (play) with children.

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