Perpetuation of life

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE 11

PREPARED BY: JENNIFER D. GUMILOS

PLANTS
PLANTS
SUNFLOWER
Helianthus annuus

a tall North American plant of the daisy family,

with very large golden-rayed flowers. Sunflowers
are cultivated for their edible seeds, which are an
important source of oil for cooking and margarine.

 any of a genus of tall herbs that are often grown

for their large showy flower heads with yellow ray
flowers and for their oil-rich seeds.
Type of reproduction

Sexually
 Thepollen from one plant fuses with the ovule of
another. A seed is produced that grows into a new
plant. Sunflowers reproduce sexually.
IMPORTANCE

Sunflowers are rich in healthy fats,

beneficial plant compounds, and several
vitamins and minerals that may play a
role in reducing your risk of common
health problems,
BANANA
Musa

 Bananas are long, curved fruits with

smooth, yellow, and sometimes slightly
green skin. The average length of a banana
is about 7 to 9 inches, and it is about 2 to 3
inches in diameter. The skin of the banana
is usually yellow when it is ripe, but it can
also be green, red, or purple depending on
the variety.
 Type of reproduction
Vegetative Method

 Commercial bananas are seedless and propagated exclusively by

vegetative means. The banana has a reduced underground stem,
called the rhizome, which bears several buds. Each of these
buds sprouts and forms its own pseudostem and a new bulbous
rhizome. These daughter plants are called suckers.
IMPORTANCE

 Bananas are healthy, delicious, and

versatile fruits. They're full of nutrients
that could help prevent constipation,
improve digestive and gut health, and
promote recovery from intense activity.
Eating one banana per day will provide: 12%
of the DV for vitamin C.
CACTUS
Cactaceae

 Cactiare plants that have succulent stems,

pads or branches with scales and spines
instead of leaves. Cactus pads are actually
modified stems with a waxy coating. The
prickly spines are modified leaves that
break up the evaporative winds blowing
across pad surfaces, and help shade the
stem.
Type of reproduction

 Theflowers are pollinated by insects or the

wind, and the seeds are then dispersed by
animals or the wind. Asexual reproduction:
Cacti can also reproduce asexually by
producing offsets, which are small clones of
the parent plant. Offsets can be detached
from the parent plant and grown into new
plants.
Importance

cacti can be used as food and water sources

in desert habitats. Cactus fruits are often
eaten fresh, and the flesh of the cactus can
be used to make drinks such as juice and
wine. The pads of the cactus can also be
cooked and eaten, and are a good source of
vitamins and minerals.
Rose
Rosa rubiginosa

 Their stems are usually prickly and their glossy,

green leaves have toothed edges. Rose flowers
vary in size and shape. They burst with colours
ranging from pastel pink, peach, and cream, to
vibrant yellow, orange, and red. Many roses are
fragrant, and some produce berry-like fruits
called hips.
Type of reproduction

 Reproduction. Rose culture occurs via four

methods: seed, cuttings, layering and
grafting. Seeding is the only means of
propagation through sexual reproduction
and allows more genetic diversity. Asexual
reproduction via the other methods
produces plants that are true to the
parents.
Importance

Roses encourage biodiversity in urban

areas in many different ways. They
supply insects with food, provide birds
with nesting sites, and shelter small
mammals.
Jasmine
Jasminum

 Common jasmine is a climbing shrub that

can grow up to 8 metres tall. The leaves
are made up of 7 to 9 smaller 'leaflets',
which are long, pointed and oval-shaped.
The flowers are white or very pale pink,
with five petals and strongly scented. The
fruits are small black berries.
Type of reproduction

 The mode of reproduction in jasmine is

mound layering. It is induced by bending
the lower branch to the ground and
covering it with soil. After some time, the
adventitious roots start to develop. The
branches are cut from the parent plant and
they grow into a new plant.
Importance

Jasmine is used on the skin to reduce the

amount of breast milk, for skin diseases, and
to speed up wound healing. Jasmine is
inhaled to improve mood, reduce stress, and
reduce food cravings. In foods, jasmine is
used to flavor beverages, frozen dairy
desserts, candy, baked goods, gelatins, and
puddings.
ORCHID
Orchidaceae

 The flower of the orchid plant is colorful,

fragrant and can vary in sizes from
microscopic plants (Platystele) to long vines
(Vanilla) to gigantic plants
(Grammatophullum). There is an outer
whorl of three similar segments called
sepals. Within the sepals is another whorl
of three segments called petals.
Type of reproduction

orchids are able to reproduce

themselves in two different ways; the
one way sexually by seed, and the other
asexually by vegetative propagation.
Importance

The orchids have to offer something to

the visiting pollinators to lure and invite
to make the pollination happen. For
this, they develop specialized structures
such as callus, lamellae, spur, and
nectarines and guide the pollinators to
the pollen mass.
Water lily
Nymphaeaceae

 The fragrant water lily is an aquatic plant

that is most easily recognized by its eye-
catching, open bloom and uniquely-shaped
leaves. It is a radially symmetrical flower
displaying either white or pink petals. The
flower looms above flat, heart-shaped,
glossy green, floating leaves.
Type of reproduction

Water lilies reproduce through both

seeds and rhizome spread. *Aquatic
Biologists recommends implementing
preventative management techniques
and physical removal prior to, or in
conjunction with treatment.
Importance

Their abundance provides important benefits

to the ecosystem. They create food and
shelter for both aquatic and non-aquatic
wildlife. Lily pads provide important food
sources for beaver, certain species of
beetles, and pollinators as well as providing
shelter for fish.
Bamboo
Bambusa

Bamboo is a woody plant with a

hollow stem that's in the grass family.
When bamboo is harvested and
processed, it can be used to make
things like flooring, paper, and
chopsticks. If bamboo is prepared
correctly, it can be eaten
Type of reproduction

Bamboos can be propagated either by

reproductive method or vegetative
method. Reproductive method involves
the production of new bamboo plants
through seeds while the vegetative
method makes use of vegetative parts
such as rhizomes, culms and branches.
Tomato
Solanum lycopersicum

 The tomato fruit is globular or ovoid. Botanically,

the fruit exhibits all of the common
characteristics of berries; a simple fleshy fruit
that encloses its seed in the pulp. The outer skin
is a thin and fleshy tissue that comprises the
remainder of the fruit wall as well as the
placenta.
Type of reproduction

The tomato plant reproduces

sexually. This means that it
needs both female and male
organs to produce seeds. Every
tomato seed has a tiny tomato
plant inside.
Importance

Tomatoes offer several potential

research-backed benefits, including
protection for brain, heart, and gut
health. The vegetable, which is also
considered a fruit, is a solid source of
nutrients like vitamin C, potassium, and
antioxidants—namely, lycopene.
Sago palm
Cycas revoluta

 Sago palm is a tropical plant grown in

Southeast Asia and Oceania where it is able
to survive in swampy peat environment.
Sago palm produces an erect trunk about 10
m tall and 75 cm thick. Its vegetative phase
lasts 7–15 years during which starch is
stored in the trunk.
Type of reproduction

 Sagopalms are dioecious and reproduce

through cones instead of flowers, which are
found in the center of the plant. Plants are
either male or female. Female cones
resemble a furry, yellow globe and produce
bright orange seeds that are roughly two
inches in diameter.
Importance

Sago palm (Metroxylon spp.) is a

carbohydrate-producing plant, as are rice,
corn, and tuber crops. Sago starch has
potential as a food alternative and raw
material for agroindustry due to its food
resilience. Sago palm is a most productive
plant, as compared with other carbohydrate-
producing crops.
THANK YOU (: