Science 9 Grade 9

2024-2025
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY:
GENERATED,
TRANSMITTED,
SCIENCEAND
9 QUARTER 4
WEEK 8
DISTRIBUTED
INTRODUCTION
The electricity that flows to our
homes is generated in power
stations. From here, it flows
through large transmission lines,
which carry it to substations.
Finally, distribution lines carry
electricity from substations to
houses, businesses, and schools
like yours!
HOW IS
ELECTRICAL
EN
Various sources of energy are E R toGprovide
utilized Y electricity to
GE
produced by falling Nis used
water E Rby water
ATturbines
E Dto rotate
power our households. For example, the tremendous energy
large generators at a hydroelectric power plant.

As the water falls from the reservoir, its kinetic energy
increases, and it flows
very fast
HOW IS
ELECTRICAL
E N E R G Y
The falling stream of water turns a fan-like device called a
turbine, which is connected to the generator's shaft. The
G
rotation of the shaft E N
turns E R
powerful AT E D
electromagnets that are
surrounded by the coil of copper wires. The coil is connected
to a step-up transformer that sends
high voltage current to power lines. Other sources of energy
at power plants include steam, burning fossil fuels, nuclear
reactions, wind and ocean tides.
HOW IS
ELECTRICAL
E N E R G Y
Each source provides the energy of motion to turbines, then,
G
to the generators, E N
producing E R AT
electrical energy.E D
Power
general, use generators to convert kinetic energy into
plants, in
electrical energy. One specific source, however, uses solar

panels made of photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into
electrical energy instead of turbines.
HOW IS E L E CT RICAL • From the power plants, electricity is
then made to travel along cables and
E NERGY IS wires called transmission lines.
T RANSMIT T E D? • Transmission lines are commonly put
up between transmission substations
which are regulated by the National
Power Corporation. Transmission
lines may either be constructed
overhead on towers or they may be
underground. They are operated at
high voltages, send out large amounts
of electrical power, and extend over
considerate distances.
HOW IS E L E CT RICAL • From the generating station, the
E NERGY IS transmission substations step up
the voltage to a range of 138,000
T RANSMIT T E D?
765,000 volts Within the
operating area, transmission
substations reduce (step down)
the transmitted seitage to 34,500-
138.000 volts. This power is then
carried through lines to the
distribution systems located in
the local service area
Distribution of electrical energy takes multiple
HOW IS steps. Power plants, which can be powered by
coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, or renewable
ELECTRICAL energy sources like solar and wind, are the first
places where electricity is produced. After it is
ENERGY produced, the electricity is converted to a high
DISTRIBUTED voltage so that power lines can carry it
efficiently across great distances. Substations
lower the voltage for a safer distribution to
residences and commercial buildings.
Distribution lines are used to deliver electricity
to specific buildings and areas. Transformers
then further lower the voltage to levels that are
suitable for use with electronics and
appliances. In general, utility firms oversee a
complicated network to guarantee the efficient
and dependable distribution of electricity to
customers.
1. Generation
Electricity is generated at power plants using various
energy sources. These plants can range from large-scale
facilities like coal, natural gas, nuclear, or hydroelectric
power plants to smaller-scale renewable energy
installations like wind farms, solar parks, or geothermal
plants. The energy source is used to spin turbines, which
then generate electricity through electromagnetic
induction.
2. Transmission
After generation, electricity is converted to high voltages

for efficient transmission over long distances. High-
voltage transmission lines, often supported by tall towers,
carry the electricity from power plants to substations.
These transmission lines minimize energy losses during
transport.
3. Substations
At substations, the high-voltage electricity is stepped
down to lower voltages for safer distribution. This is
done using transformers. Substations also monitor and
control the flow of electricity, ensuring proper voltage
levels and managing any issues in the grid.
4. DISTRIBUTION
Lower-voltage distribution lines branch out from substations to

deliver electricity to neighborhoods, commercial areas, and
individual buildings. These distribution lines are often mounted on
poles or buried underground. The electricity flows through
transformers located on utility poles or within buildings, further
reducing the voltage to levels usable by appliances and electronics.
5. CONSUMERS USE
Finally, electricity reaches consumers'

homes, businesses, and other facilities,
where it powers various appliances,
lighting, heating, cooling, and electronic
devices.
POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Power plants generate electrical energy from various sources of primary energy
such as the heat from the sun, heat from the earth's interior, the mechanical energy
of water and wind, etc.
Various power plants can be found in the Philippines. These power plants vary
depending on the source of their primary energy. The following are the types of
power plants in the Philippines with their corresponding sources of primary
energy
POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Hydroelectric Power Plants-water;
Geothermal Power Plants-heat from earth's interior,
•Wind Power Plants-wind:

•Biomass Power Plants-biomass (annal or plant/wood waste of materials),
•Solar Power Plants-light and heat from the sun •Coal-fired Power Plants-coal,
•Diesel-fired Power Plants-diesel/fossil fuel •Natural Gas Power Plants-natural gas,
and •Nuclear Power Plant-radioactive materials.
POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Power plants in the Philippines are diverse in terms of their energy sources. Here's a
bit more detail about each type:
1. Hydroelectric Power Plants : These generate electricity from water, typically using dams to
harness the energy of flowing or falling water.
2. Geothermal Power Plants : They utilize heat from the earth's interior, tapping into
underground reservoirs of steam or hot water to drive turbines and generate electricity.
3. Wind Power Plants : Wind turbines capture the mechanical energy of wind and convert it
into electrical energy through a generator.
POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
4. Biomass Power Plants : These use organic materials like agricultural residues, wood waste,
or energy crops to produce electricity through processes like combustion, gasification, or
anaerobic digestion.
5. Solar Power Plants : Solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic
cells or through concentrated solar power systems that use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight
onto a small area.
POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
6. Coal-fired Power Plants : They burn coal to generate steam, which drives turbines
connected to generators, producing electricity.
7. Diesel-fired Power Plants : These use diesel fuel or other fossil fuels to run engines that
generate electricity.
8. Natural Gas Power Plants : They utilize natural gas as a fuel source, often through gas
turbines or combined-cycle power plants that use both gas and steam turbines.
POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
9. Nuclear Power Plant : These plants generate electricity through nuclear fission reactions,
where radioactive materials like uranium are used to produce heat, which then generates steam
to power turbines.
Each type of power plant has its advantages and considerations, such as environmental
impact, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, which are important factors to consider in the
energy landscape of the Philippines.
Thanks!
Any questions? Don't hesitate to
ask for our help
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2024-2025

large generators at a hydroelectric power plant.

electrical energy. One specific source, however, uses solar

After generation, electricity is converted to high voltages

Lower-voltage distribution lines branch out from substations to

Finally, electricity reaches consumers'

Hydroelectric Power Plants-water;

Geothermal Power Plants-heat from earth's interior,

•Wind Power Plants-wind:

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