Project Financing & Evaluation
Project Financing & Evaluation
Project Financing & Evaluation
The Project
Risk Risk
Customer Business
Expectation Objective
Time
Cost
Quality
Project Financing
Owner
Project
Contractor
Additional Issues
CONTRACTOR
costs ($4,000,000) ($7,000,000) ($14,000,000) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
revenues $0 $10,000,000 $20,000,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
contractor cashflow ($4,000,000) $3,000,000 $6,000,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
contractor cum cashflow
($4,000,000) ($1,000,000) $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000
$10,000,000
$5,000,000
$0
($5,000,000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
($20,000,000)
($25,000,000)
($30,000,000)
($35,000,000) Project Financing & Evaluation
Financing – Gross Cashflows
Design/Preliminary Construction
years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OWNER
investment ($10,000,000) ($20,000,000)
operation incomes $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000
owner cashflow $0 ($10,000,000) ($20,000,000) $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000
owner cum cashflow $0 ($10,000,000) ($30,000,000) ($28,000,000) ($24,000,000) ($18,000,000) ($12,000,000) ($6,000,000) $0 $6,000,000
CONTRACTOR
costs ($4,000,000) ($7,000,000) ($14,000,000) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
revenues $0 $10,000,000 $20,000,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
contractor cashflow ($4,000,000) $3,000,000 $6,000,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
contractor cum cashflow
($4,000,000) ($1,000,000) $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000
$10,000,000
$5,000,000
$0
($5,000,000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
($20,000,000)
($25,000,000)
($30,000,000)
($35,000,000) Project Financing & Evaluation
Financing – Gross Cashflows
Design/Preliminary Construction
years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OWNER
investment ($10,000,000) ($20,000,000)
operation incomes $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000
owner cashflow $0 ($10,000,000) ($20,000,000) $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000 $6,000,000
owner cum cashflow $0 ($10,000,000) ($30,000,000) ($28,000,000) ($24,000,000) ($18,000,000) ($12,000,000) ($6,000,000) $0 $6,000,000
CONTRACTOR
costs ($4,000,000) ($7,000,000) ($14,000,000) $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
revenues $0 $10,000,000 $20,000,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
contractor cashflow ($4,000,000) $3,000,000 $6,000,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0
contractor cum cashflow
($4,000,000) ($1,000,000) $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000 $5,000,000
$10,000,000
$5,000,000
$0
($5,000,000) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
• Early expenditure
($10,000,000) owner cum cashflow • Takes time to get revenue
($15,000,000) contractor cum cashflow
($20,000,000)
($25,000,000)
($30,000,000)
($35,000,000) Project Financing & Evaluation
Project Financing
Public
Private
“Project” financing
Project Financing
Owner
Project
Contractor
Additional Issues
Project Financing
Owner
Project
Contractor
Additional Issues
Project Financing
Owner
Project
Contractor
Additional Issues
Man-hours
months
Project Financing & Evaluation
S-curve Cost
8 100
90
7
80
6
70
Cumulative costs $K
5
60
4 50 Daily cost
$K
Cum. costs
40
3
30
2
20
1
10
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Working days
Project Financing & Evaluation
Expense & Payment
120 140
100 120
100
80
80
Revenue
Revenue
60
60
40
40
20
20
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Month Month
Project Financing
Owner
Project
Contractor
Additional Issues
Perencanaan Strategis
Perencanaan strategis (Strategic Planning) merupakan
rancangan umum dari perusahaan untuk menentukan
bisnis perusahaan kedepan. Strategic planning
menerjemahkan tujuan perusahaan ke dalam arah serta
kebijakan-kebijakan spesifik, membuat prioritas dan
sebagai panduan dalam merencanakan proses dalam
rangka mencapai tujuan.
Financial Evaluation
• Cash Flow
• Net Present value
• Rates of Return
• Payback Period atau Pay Out Time
• Benefit Cost Ratio atau Profitability Index
n
Vn = Vo (1 + r)
Vo = Vn
n
(1 + r)
To calculate the present value is often
called discounting
PVCASH-IN NPV
R1 R2 R3 R4
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 PVCASH-OUT
Rumus :
NPV = PW – investasi
Dimana,
NPV > 0 : investasi layak
NPV < 0 : investasi tidak layak
AC = 5 jt
ROR
NPV
i (discount rate)
n
Ft
t 1 (1 i )t
PW (i )
12.000
10.000 i A* 20%( IRRA )
1 i *
17.700
15.000 iB * 18%( IRRB )
1 i *
Project Financing & Evaluation
NPV v.s IRR
Misal : MARR/i = 10 %
discounted factor-nya
(F P atau (P/F, i, n)) = 0,909
Penerimaa Discounted Investasi
NPV
n factor Awal
Proyek A 12.000 0,909 -10.000 908
Proyek B 17.700 0,909 -15.000 1,089
INGAT !
IRR NPV Alternatif yang dipilih :
- PW-nya besar
Proyek A 20 % 908 - IRR-nya > MARR
Proyek B 18 % 1,089
Project Financing & Evaluation
NPV v.s IRR
NPV
2700
Proyek B
2000
1089
908
Proyek A
Offtake/Purchase
Insurance Policies Project Offtake/Product Purch
Insurers Contract
Company
Supply contract
Operation and Maintenance
Agreement
Construction contract Raw Material supplier
Operator
Construction
end
TERIMA KASIH