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    Satellite Communication and Its Working

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    Satellite Communication and Its Working

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    220047
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    5 views13 pages

    Satellite Communication and Its Working

    Uploaded by

    220047

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    SATELLITE

    COMMUNICATION
    SATELLITES
     A satellite is a body that moves around another body in a mathematically
    predictable path called an orbit.
     They are of 2 types:
    (A) Natural Satellites like
    the moon orbiting the Earth.

    (B) Artificial/ Manmade satellites like


    the ISS- International Space Station orbiting the Earth.

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 2


    COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES

     If the communication takes place between any two earth stations


    through a satellite using unguided media, then it is called
    as satellite communication.
     Communications satellites are used to relay radio waves from one
    place on Earth to another.
     It creates a communication channel between a source transmitter
    and a receiver at different locations.
     Satellite communications use the very high-frequency range of 1–
    50 gigahertz to transmit and receive signals.

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 3


     Communication satellites are used for television, telephone,
    radio, internet and military applications.

     There are over 2000 communications satellites in Earth’s orbit.

     The idea of communicating through a satellite first appeared


    in the short story titled “The Brick Moon” written by Edward
    Hale in a magazine.
     Soviet Union’s Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite to
    have successfully launched.
     Echo-1 was the first ever communications satellite (passive)
    whereas Telstar-1 is the first active communications satellite
    capable of two way communications.
    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 4
    SPUTNIK1 ECHO-1 TELSTAR1

    INTELSAT SATELLITES

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 5


     Satellite communication has two main components:

    (i) The ground segment consisting of transmission,


    reception and ancillary equipment.

    (ii) The space segment which primarily involves the


    satellite itself.

     The main components of a satellite


    consist of the Communications system
    which includes antennas
    and transponders,
    Power system and
    the Propulsion system.
    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 6
    7
    Satellites can operate in 4 different orbits i.e., Low Earth Orbit(LEO), Medium Earth
    Orbit(MEO), Highly Elliptical Orbit(HEO) and Geostationary or Geosynchronous orbit(GEO).
    GEO satellites are usually used for broadcasting and data applications because of the larger
    area on the ground that they can cover.

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 8


     Satellite communication makes use of a relay system
    between Earth stations and geo-synchronous satellites
    which orbit the Earth at an altitude of about 36,000
    km.
     Geosynchronous satellites are those whose period of
    revolution equals to period of rotation of Earth about
    its axis. They remain fixed over the
    same area of the Earth in
    orbit.
     The same geo-synchronous orbit, if it is circular and in
    the plane of equator, it is called as geo-stationary
    orbit.

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 9


    Working of communications satellites

    There are 3 stages involved in satellite communication.

    (i) The Uplink stage where data is beamed up to the


    satellite from a ground station.
    (ii) The satellite processes(receives, amplifies, transmits)
    the data using a number of onboard Transponders.
    (iii) The Downlink stage where data is sent back down to

    another ground station elsewhere on Earth.

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 10


    The frequency with which the signal is sent into the space is called Uplink frequency, while
    the frequency with which it is sent by the transponder is Downlink frequency.
    Transponders are independent devices which function to receive, amplify as well as transmit
    the signals from the Earth.
    The downlink frequency is made to be different from the uplink frequency so that no
    interference takes place.
    Although there's usually just a single uplink, there may be millions of downlinks.

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 11


    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 12
    Thank you!

    Satellite Communication 06/05/2024 13

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