PREPOSITION

MICAH SHEMIAH M. GONZALES

RONALYN RODRIQUEZ
OBJECTIVES

1.) Define and understand the structure and function of preposition.

2.) Recognize and identify prepositions in sentences.
3.) Use the preposition appropriately in a sentence.
PREPOSITION
The Oxford Learner’s Dictionary says that a preposition is “a word or group of words, such
as in, from, to, out of and on behalf of, used before a noun or pronoun to show place,
position, time or method.”

Examples include "in," "on," "at," "under," "beside," "before," and "after.“

•The book is on the table.

•There were hundreds of people “at’ the park.
•She looked me directly in the eyes.
Kinds of preposition
1. Simple/Single Preposition
A simple preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or
pronoun to another word in the sentence. It is often showing location,
direction, time, or possession. Usually containing only one- or two-word
syllables.

The common preposition: at, by, as, but, for, from, in, into, than, of, on out,
over, till, to, up, with, under, down, etc.

Examples:
•The book is on the table.
•He fell asleep during the movie.
•The project must be completed by Friday.
•She went to the park with her friends.
2. Compound Preposition
A compound preposition is a type of preposition formed by combining two or
more words to express a single relationship between words in a sentence. Unlike
simple preposition that consist of single word, the compound preposition is
made up of two or more prepositional words functioning together as a unit to
convey spital, temporal or logical relationship.

Common compound preposition: in front of, as of, close to, due to, next to, on
top of, according to, aside from, instead of, in between, etc.
Examples:

 Two-word compound preposition

•According to her principal she is a good student.
•The delay was due to bad weather.
•You should have gone south instead of going right.

 Three-word compound preposition

•He ran away from the cat as far as she could.
•There is a pizza store in front of the park.
•They carried their boxes on top of their heads.
3. Double preposition

Double Prepositions are a mix of two Prepositions. Talking about its idea, a
Double Preposition is like a compound Preposition with one essential
distinction – a compound Preposition is a blend of a Preposition and a non-
Preposition while a Double Preposition is a mix of two basic Prepositions made
into a single word.

Common double preposition: into, without, within, inside, onto, upon, outside,
next to, from behind, etc.
Examples:

•He pushed the bookshelf back into the corner.

•They walked hand in hand into the sunset.

•She left the party without saying goodbye to anyone.

•He felt a sense of belonging within the group.

4. Participle Preposition
Participle (also known as participial preposition) are participle that are used as
prepositions. Participle are words that are used to make compound verbs, nouns,
adjectives, and in some causes as a preposition. Participle prepositions always
end with ‘ing’, ‘ed’ or ‘en’.

Example:
•Considering her busy schedule, she still found time to volunteer at the shelter.
•The memo addressed several concerns regarding the company’s new dress code
policy.
•We need to address the issues concerned with safety.
•The decision was taken after careful consideration.
5. Disguised Preposition
Disguised preposition is one that is only implied in a sentence and is not
actually used. In most cases, the word that is used is an abbreviated form of
a full preposition or phrase.
The common examples of disguised prepositions are “a” and “o”.

Example:
•Diana visits her grandmother’s grave once a week.
•They kept watching the storm ahead of them.
•Her cat wakes her up at 6 o'clock every morning by pawing at her face.
•Captain Jack Sparrow went ashore.
6. Detached Preposition
When a preposition appears at the end of a sentence, it is referred to as a
detached preposition. For decades, teachers have taught that a sentence
should never end with a preposition, if the goal is to use proper grammar.
However, this is now acceptable in the English language and is very
common in natural conversation.

Examples:
•Where are you coming from?
•You have no idea what she’s capable of.
•What are you talking about?
•Who are you looking for?
 TYPES OF PREPOSITION
ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONALITY
1.) Preposition of Time
A preposition of time is a preposition used to indicate when a particular action
takes place. The most common prepositions of time are at, in and on.

The preposition “in” refers to the broader time frame, such as a season, month,
year, a decade, a long period and etc

Example:
•The weather is cold in December.
•She was born in 1996.
•I will come back in a few days.
 The preposition "at” is used to refer to a specific time.

Example:
•I go to work at 8:00.
•He eats lunch at noon.
•She often goes for a walk at night.
•They go to bed at midnight.

 The preposition ‘on’ is used to refer to a particular day or date, such as on

Sunday, on May 25th.

Example:
•I work on Saturdays.
•He does laundry on Wednesdays.
•The picnic is planned on Sunday.
2.) Preposition of Place
It indicates the location or place of something in relation to another object or
point. Common prepositional of place include in, on at, under, over, beside,
between, inside, etc. They help provide context to where something is located.

 To refer to a place, use the prepositions "in" (the point itself), "at" (the
general vicinity), "on" (in surface), and "inside" (something contained).

Example:
• They will meet in the lunchroom.
• She was waiting at the corner.
• He left his phone on the bed.
• Place the pen inside the drawer.
 To refer to an object higher than a point, use the prepositions "over" and
"above." To refer to an object lower than a point, use the prepositions "below,"
"beneath," "under," and "underneath.“

Example:
• The bird flew over the house.
• The plates were on the shelf above the cups.
• Basements are dug below ground.
• There is hard wood beneath the carpet.
• The squirrel hid the nuts under a pile of leaves.
• The cat is hiding underneath the box.
 To refer to an object close to a point, use the prepositions "by," "near," "next
to," "between," "among," and "opposite.“

Example:
• The gas station is by the grocery store.
• The park is near her house.
• Park your bike next to the garage.
• There is a deer between the two trees.
• There is a purple flower among the weeds.
• The garage is opposite the house.
3. Preposition of Movement
A preposition of movement is a word that describes the direction and manner
of movement of a person or object. These prepositions are used to indicate
where an object is moving from, where it is moving to, or how it is moving.

Common examples of prepositions of movement includes: “to,” “from,”

“through,” “across,” “over,” “under,” “behind,” and “in front of.”

Examples:
•I walked to the store.
•The car drove across the bridge.
•The bird flew through the window.
•She ran from the police.
 Prepositions of movement are commonly used in phrasal verbs to describe the
movement of the subject. Phrasal verbs consist of two or three words, with the
first word being the verb, and the second word being a preposition or an adverb.
Example:
•I ran out of the building.
•The cat jumped over the fence.
•The bus pulled up at the stop.

 Prepositions of movement are commonly used in prepositional phrases to

describe the movement of the subject. Prepositional phrases consist of a
preposition and a noun or pronoun.
Example:
•The dog ran under the table.
•She climbed up the mountain.
•He walked through the park.
4.) Preposition of Manner

Prepositions of manner express the way something happens or how a certain

thing happened or is done. It usually uses prepositions of manner when we
answer questions starting with "How".

There are four categories of preposition of manner.

a.) Prepositions of Method
b.) Preposition of instrument
c.) Prepositions of agency
d.) Preposition of Similarity
a.)Prepositions of Method- it shows in which method or manner something is done.
The most commonly used prepositions of manner are “in” and “with”.

Example:
•Jason wrote his papers in French.
•She stared at the shadows with fear.

b.) Preposition of instrument- it is used to indicate the tool or object used to perform
an action. It describes the means or instrument by which something is done. The
most commonly used prepositions of instrument are: “By”,” With”,” On”.

Example:
•He was killed by a sword.
•He opened the bottle with a bottle opener.
•Can I work my essay on your laptop?
c.)Prepositions of agency - used to indicate the agent or entity responsible for an
action or event. They provide information about the cause or source of an action.
Common prepositions of agency includes “By” and “Via”.

example:
•He explained everything by a computer.
•She broke up with him via text message.

d.)Preposition of Similarity- it is used indicate or to express similarity. Common

preposition of similarity is Like” and “As”.

Example:
• He works as an actor.
• They are like a band from the 60s.
5.) Prepositions of Measure
These prepositions indicate the relationship between the quantity of something and
someone or something else. They are used in measurements or when comparing
sizes. Prepositions of manner includes by, at, and of.

Example:
 “By”- Shows standard measurements or value and sometimes in comparing sizes.
•The Shopkeeper sells the cloth by meters.

 “At”- Used with exact measurements.

•He can run smoothly at 120 kilometers per hour.

 “Of”- Shows an abstract measurement that cannot be in numbers.

•One third of the student were present in the class.
•I need a pound of cheese.
6.) Preposition of Source
The prepositions of the source are those which indicate the source of
something. The most commonly used examples of these are by and from.

Example:
• I received this book as a Christmas present from my brother.
• This painting was made by a famous British painter.
7.) Prepositions of Possession
The prepositions of possession are those which indicate ownership. The most
common examples of preposition of possession are with, to and of.

Example:
• This blue umbrella belongs to Miss Thea.
• Who is that person with the black suitcase?
• David is the owner of this house.
THANK YOU