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    Light Fog

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    esmiedkjeans
    This document provides an introduction and overview of the Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals (ALL), which contains information on navigational lights and signals around the world. It details the contents and organization of the ALL, including the different types of lights categorized by their rhythm, color, range, and other characteristics. Fog signals are also described based on their sound type. The ALL is the primary reference for lights, while charts should be consulted for buoyage. Mariners are advised to have thorough knowledge of lights and signals from the ALL for safe navigation.

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    Light Fog

    Uploaded by

    esmiedkjeans
    354 views42 pages
    This document provides an introduction and overview of the Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals (ALL), which contains information on navigational lights and signals around the world. It details the contents and organization of the ALL, including the different types of lights categorized by their rhythm, color, range, and other characteristics. Fog signals are also described based on their sound type. The ALL is the primary reference for lights, while charts should be consulted for buoyage. Mariners are advised to have thorough knowledge of lights and signals from the ALL for safe navigation.

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    This document provides an introduction and overview of the Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals (ALL), which contains information on navigational lights and signals around the world. It details the contents and organization of the ALL, including the different types of lights categorized by their rhythm, color, range, and other characteristics. Fog signals are also described based on their sound type. The ALL is the primary reference for lights, while charts should be consulted for buoyage. Mariners are advised to have thorough knowledge of lights and signals from the ALL for safe navigation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    354 views42 pages

    Light Fog

    Uploaded by

    esmiedkjeans
    This document provides an introduction and overview of the Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals (ALL), which contains information on navigational lights and signals around the world. It details the contents and organization of the ALL, including the different types of lights categorized by their rhythm, color, range, and other characteristics. Fog signals are also described based on their sound type. The ALL is the primary reference for lights, while charts should be consulted for buoyage. Mariners are advised to have thorough knowledge of lights and signals from the ALL for safe navigation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 42

    ADMIRALTY LIST OF LIGHTS & FOG SIGNALS

    FOR PASSAGE PLANNING & EXECUTION

    INTRODUCTION
    The Sea has its own road markings These are Lights, Buoys and Fog Signals The road markings are essential knowledge for anybody who goes to sea.

    ADMIRALTY LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS

    The ALL consists of 11 Volumes (A to L),

    ADMIRALTY LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS (ALL)

    that between them provide World Wide Coverage. They are re-published every 18 months The ALL is the MOST UP TO DATE source of information on Lights since corrections are issued for this publication before they are for the relevant charts

    ALL - AUTHORITY
    The

    ALL is the AUTHORITY on FIXED Lights and Fog Signals, but NOT for the lights shown on buoys. The Authority for buoyage is the Largest Scale Chart of the area

    CONTENTS
    Ranges of Lights:
    Nominal Range Luminous Range Geographical Range

    Light Sectors Light Characteristics Fog Signals

    RANGES OF LIGHTS -1
    NOMINAL RANGE:

    The figure printed on the Chart adjacent to the Light

    Defined as the Luminous Range when Met Visibility is 10 Nautical Miles

    LUMINOUS RANGE:

    The Max Range a light could be seen given its intensity and the Met Visibility at the time. It does NOT take into account the Observers Height of Eye.

    RANGES OF LIGHTS -2
    GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE:
    The max theoretical range at which an observer
    could see a light It is the range at which the light is no longer in the Observers line of sight It depends purely upon the heights of the light and the observer above sea-level

    RAISING & LOWERING OF LIGHTS:


    This is either the Luminous Range or the
    Geographical Range of a particular light for an observer - which ever is the SMALLER

    LIGHT SECTORS
    The limits of Sectors and their Arcs

    of Visibility are given in the Remarks column of the ALL. Note that all bearings are given as those seen FROM SEAWARD (See BR45(1) Page 244)

    CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTS
    RHYTHM COLOUR PERIOD ELEVATION RANGE

    Reference Chart 5011 Section IP (Page 44) and BR45(1) Page 238 - 241

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS -1
    Fixed F

    eg FR Fixed Red

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 2
    Flashing Fl

    PERIOD

    eg Fl 3s Flashing White once every 3 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 3
    Long Flashing (>2s) LFl

    PERIOD

    eg LFl 10s One White long flash every 10 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 4
    Quick Flashing (50 or 60 Fl/min) Q

    eg Q Continuous Quick Flashing White

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 5
    Very Quick Flashing(120 Fl/min) VQ

    eg VQ Continuous Very Quick flashing White

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 6
    Ultra Quick Flashing(240Fl/min) UQ

    eg UQ Continuous Ultra Quick flashing White

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 7
    Group Flashing Fl(number)

    PERIOD

    eg Fl(3) 10s Group flashing White 3 every 10 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 8
    Group Quick Flashing Q(number)
    PERIOD

    eg Q(3) 5s Group Quick White 3 every 5 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 9
    Group Very Quick Flashing VQ(number)
    PERIOD

    eg VQ(3) 5s Group Very Quick White 3 every 5 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 10
    Isophase Iso

    PERIOD

    eg R Iso 15s Red Isophase every 15 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 11
    Occulting Oc

    PERIOD

    eg Oc 3s White Occulting every 3 seconds

    RHYTHMS OF LIGHTS - 12
    Morse Code Mo(letter)

    PERIOD

    eg YMo(K) 10s Yellow Morse code Kilo every 10 seconds

    COLOURS OF LIGHTS
    COLOURS:
    White Red Green Yellow W (Usually omitted) R G Y

    The colour is indicated on the chart by a single letter. The Symbol Alt means Alternating ie alternating between different colours

    FOG SIGNALS - 1
    SOUND IS CONVEYED IN A VARIABLE WAY IN THE ATMOSPHERE, NOTE: Fog Signals are heard at greatly varying distances.
    In certain conditions a Fog Signal with a combination of high and low tones, one of the tones may be inaudible There can be areas around a station in which the Fog Signal is wholly inaudible. Fog may exist close to a station, but not observable from it and so the Signal will not be sounded Some fog emitters cannot be started immediately signs of fog are observed

    FOG SIGNALS - CAUTION - 2


    MARINERS ARE THEREFORE WARNED THAT FOG SIGNALS CANNOT BE RELIED UPON IMPLICITLY

    FOG SIGNALS - 3
    Many Buoys and Marks are fitted with Fog Signals Some may be wave actuated Others will be automatic

    FOG SIGNALS - 4
    Explos Signal Explosive Fog

    FOG SIGNALS - 5
    Explos Signal Dia Explosive Fog Diaphone

    FOG SIGNALS - 6
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren

    FOG SIGNALS - 7
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Horn Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren Fog Horn

    FOG SIGNALS - 8
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Horn Bell Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren Fog Horn Fog Bell

    FOG SIGNALS - 9
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Horn Bell Whis Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren Fog Horn Fog Bell Fog Whistle

    FOG SIGNALS - 10
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Horn Bell Whis Reed Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren Fog Horn Fog Bell Fog Whistle Reed

    FOG SIGNALS - 11
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Horn Bell Whis Reed Gong Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren Fog Horn Fog Bell Fog whistle Reed Fog Gong

    FOG SIGNALS - 12
    Explos Signal Dia Siren Horn Bell Whis Reed Gong Mo Explosive Fog Diaphone Fog Siren Fog Horn Fog Bell Fog whistle Reed Fog Gong Morse code fog

    FOG SIGNALS - 13
    Fog signals with Morse or Composite characteristics are shown in a similar fashion to Lights eg Siren (2+1)

    or: Horn Mo(AR) or Horn Mo(4)

    ELEVATION OF LIGHTS (& FOG SIGNALS)


    The Charted Elevation of a Light is given after the other characteristics as a figure followed by m eg Fl 5s 40m Flashing every 5 seconds - elevation 40 meters

    DATUM FOR HEIGHTS

    TIDAL HEIGHTS AND DATUMS


    DATUM FOR DEPTHS

    ALL & FS
    EXAMPLE OF TABLE LAYOUT
    0062 Saint Anthony Head 50 08.4 OcWR 15s Horn 30s 22 W22 W20 R20 White 8 sided tower 19 (T) 5 00.9 W295 - 004 (69), R004 - 022 (18) over manacle rocks

    1: International Number 2: Name (in Bold type if range 15 miles or over) and brief description of Position 3: Position by Latitude & Longitude (approximate) 4: Characteristics of Light or Fog Signal (and intensity) 5: Structure Elevation in meters 6: Nominal Range in Nautical Miles 7: Description of Structure and height in metres 8: Remarks: Phase, sectors, arcs of visibility etc

    SUMMARY
    There is plenty to learn, but most of it is common sense Know your Lights - at night they may be your only point of reference Use Chart 5011 (Chart Symbols) to revise and build personal knowledge

    SAINT ANTHONY HEAD LIGHT

    ADMIRALTY LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS

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