Comm Ethics

COMMUNICATION
ETHICS
Preparation for a Better
Speech
Organizing the Speech
Content
Janiel
Abi Anavern
WHY DO WE FEAR
s PUBLIC SPEAKING?
Ethics in General Preparation for Oral
Ethics in Communication Delivery
Guidelines for Ethical Jahara
Listening
WHAT IS PUBLIC
SPEAKING?
Elements of Vocal Delivery
Physical Delivery
ETHICS IN GENERAL
Ethics deals with the issues of right and wrong in

human affairs. We are faced with ethical dilemmas
when we ask ourselves whether what we do is:
● fair or unfair
● moral or immoral
● honest or dishonest
● just or unjust
s ho u ld
W hy
e c a r e
w
about ?
H I C S
ET
ETHICS IN
COMMUNICATION
Brydon and Scott (2008) listed some norms for ethical
communication:
Be Truthful
Truthfulness is fundamental to all forms of communication.
Communicators who are caught lying will lose their credibility and the
goodwill of the audience, which are essential to influencing them.
Show Respect for the Power of Words

Words are powerful. They can make or break careers, launch
wars, or bridge peace, among others.
ETHICS IN COMMUNICATION
Invoke Participatory Democracy

Communication ethics is a joint responsibility between
the speaker and the audience.
Demonstrate Mindfulness of Cultural Diversity

Ethical communicators construct their speeches being
mindful of cultural differences, which means being careful not to
offend others with the things that they say.
ETHICS IN
COMMUNICATION
Treat People as Ends, Not Means
The best interest of the audience should be the
ends sought by the speaker. We should refrain from
manipulating people just so we can achieve what we want.
Communication involves the sender and the receiver of the

message. Ethical communication, therefore, does not only
involve the speaker. In this light, Lucas (2007) offers some
guidelines for ethical listening.
Guidelines for Ethical Listening
Be Courteous and Attentive
Just as speakers have the ethical obligation to
prepare for their speeches, the listeners have the ethical
obligation to be courteous and attentive during the delivery
of the speech.
Avoid Prejudging the Speaker

Jumping to conclusions about the points of the
speaker even before the speech begins is one of the major
barriers to effective listening.
Guidelines for Ethical Listening
Maintain the Free and Open Expression

of Ideas
A democratic society depends on the free and
open expression of ideas. Just keep in mind that
ensuring a person’s right to express his or her ideas
doesn’t mean agreeing with those ideas.
Public
Speaking
One form of communication
wherein one delivers a
message/speech in front of an
audience .
Skilled public speaker has the ability to get cross his/her message
effectively to an interest audience so as the audience can arrive at good
decision thus influence people’s outlook and character.
⊳ Styles and Strategies play ⊳ Efficient and Effective

important role to achieve the delivery requires the use of
power to influence your both audible and the visible
audience to act and to do codes.
something.
Elements of Vocal
Delivery
The following are helpful elements of
vocal delivery
• Pitch
• Volume
• Rate
• Pause
• Animation
• Vocal Clarity
• Vocal Quality
⊳ Pitch this refers to the highness or lowness of the tone of the voice. The
speaker’s knowledge of when to raise or lower the tone of his/her voice is
important.
⊳ Volume this refers to the loudness or softness of the sound. The speaker
must know which parts he/she should speak louder or softer.
⊳ Rate this refers to the speed at which words are spoken. The rate must be
adapted to the type of audience with which the speaker communicate.
⊳ Pause this refers to the temporary stop on the vocal delivery, which
serves good purpose. He/she must learn when to pause.
⊳ Animation this refers to the liveliness of the voice. The speaker’s ability to
animate his/her voice will definitely make the presentation dynamic.
⊳ Vocal Clarity this refers to proper communication. The speaker must be able to
utter the words properly and clearly.
⊳ Vocal Quality this refers to the distinct characteristics of one’s voice. It is

important for the speaker to explore the beauty of his/her own voice, knows it
strengths and weaknesses, and optimize it to his/her advantage.
Physical Delivery
Facial expression
-no matter how speakers project their voice or
dancers move their body, if they do not show
appropriate facial expressions. Their facial
expressions must be reflective of the message they
wish to express to the audience.
Eye contact
-the eyes must be directed not toward the ceiling nor
the floor, but the audience. Effective eye contact will
establish connection with the audience.
Gestures
-too much gestures might be an overkill; too little of them
might make the presentation dull.
Posture
-good posture does not have to be very stiff like that of a
police officer when coming to a position of attention nor
does it have to be relaxed that the speaker appears lousy or
even arrogant. Just do it naturally.
Movement
-knowing when to move to and fro must be clear to every
speaker. Observe timing, and move smartly.
Appearance
-while people are basically there to listen to what the
speaker has to say, how he/she looks can make the
audience interested and pay attention to his/her
presentation.
1. THE SPEAKER
a) Draw from your personal experience
b) Make sure of your hobbies
c) Use the knowledge you gained from your other

subjects both in high school and in college
d) Pick a topic regarding current events
e) Choose a controversial topic
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2. OCCASION
a) Time. The audience may have different moods
and feeling according to the time the speech is
delivered.
b)Place. The place of gathering may be a factor in

the success of your speech.
c) Program. Your role in the program will

determine the length of your speech.
3. THE AUDIENCE
4. GATHERING
 The message is OF MATERIALS
intended for the
audience. a)Yourself as the
Therefore, the
audience’s speaker.
attention should
be focused on b)More Materials.
the topic of your
speech. c)Library.
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ORGANIZING THE II. Second Major Idea
SPEECH CONTENT A. Secondary Idea
1. Supporting material
1. Creating a Speech Outline. 2. Supporting material
I. First Major Idea B. Secondary Idea
1. Supporting material
A. Secondary Idea 2. Supporting material
1. Supporting material III. Third Major Idea
A. Secondary Idea
2. Supporting material 1. Supporting material
B. Secondary Idea 2. Supporting material
B. Secondary Idea
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*stimulating statement or
2. Creating the Introduction of provocative question;
* common bond with your
the Speech. audience;
a) To get the audience’s * the occasion or purpose of the
meeting; and
attention * sincere compliment.
* significance of your subject;
b) To clarify the topic and purpose
* humor;
* your point or purpose of the speech;
* illustration, comparison, or and
* your plan to develop your topic
quotation;
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3. Collation and
Integration of
Materials (Body of
Speech).
4. Creating the
Conclusion.
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Add a Footer 24
PUBLIC
SPEAKIN
G
Why do we fear PUBLIC
SPEAKING?
• Many, if not most, people
have stage fright. Once
they set foot on the stage,
their knees and hands
start trembling.
According to BDO, Seidman, & LLP
(2009), people who deliver speeches look
at themselves as the “center stage”. Once
they see the crowd, their anxiety grows
even stronger. They are also scared of
looking foolish, particularly when they
stumble in their delivery.
BDO, Seidman, & LPP (2009) offer three
steps to overcome stage fright.
1. Be prepared
2. Keep on practicing
3. Relax before speaking
1. Think of presenting
your message, not
yourself.
2. Be prepared.
3. Relax. Take several
deep breaths. Agravante and Buenaventura
4. Try to be physically (1999) also provide some
and mentally active. strategies to control tension when
5. Act confident and you are on the stage
you’ll be confident.
6. Use gestures and
movements.
Take mistakes as a
challenge and discover
alteration techniques.
Preparatio
n for Oral
Delivery
Before you deliver your speech, keep in mind the
following (BDO, Seidman, & LPP (2009):
1. Use your voice properly.

2. Relax and speak naturally.
3. Use the language effectively.
4. Be careful in articulation and pronunciation.
5. Avoid nervous filters and slang words.
6. Show passion and sincerity.
7. Use nonverbal signs.
8. Be prepared.

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COMMUNICATION

Ethics deals with the issues of right and wrong in

Show Respect for the Power of Words

Invoke Participatory Democracy

Demonstrate Mindfulness of Cultural Diversity

Communication involves the sender and the receiver of the

Avoid Prejudging the Speaker

Maintain the Free and Open Expression

⊳ Styles and Strategies play ⊳ Efficient and Effective

⊳ Vocal Quality this refers to the distinct characteristics of one’s voice. It is

b) Make sure of your hobbies

c) Use the knowledge you gained from your other

d) Pick a topic regarding current events

e) Choose a controversial topic

b)Place. The place of gathering may be a factor in

c) Program. Your role in the program will

1. Use your voice properly.

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