Environmental Science & Sustainability: Dr. Ruchi Singhal Associate Professor

Environmental Science &
Sustainability
Dr. Ruchi Singhal

Associate professor
Unit- 1
Environmental Studies Meaning,
Nature, Scope, Importance and
Limitations
Environmental Protection Act, 1986
• The Environmental Protection Act, 1986 is a comprehensive legislation that

provides for the protection and improvement of the environment. The Act has been
enacted to implement the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972. The main objective of the Act is
to provide for the protection and improvement of the environment, to prevent and
control environmental pollution, and to safeguard the health and well-being of the
people.
• Features of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986:

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): The Act mandates the preparation of
an EIA report for any new project or activity that is likely to have an adverse
impact on the environment. The EIA report must assess the potential environmental
impacts of the project and propose measures to mitigate these impacts.
• Prevention and Control of Pollution: The Act provides for the prevention and
control of pollution from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicles,
and construction activities. It empowers the Central and State Governments to take
measures to prevent and control pollution.
• Hazardous Substances: The Act regulates the handling, transportation, and
disposal of hazardous substances, including toxic and radioactive materials. It also
provides for the establishment of hazardous waste management facilities.
• Features of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986:

• Biodiversity Conservation: The Act provides for the conservation of biodiversity
and the protection of wildlife. It regulates the trade and transport of endangered
species and establishes protected areas for the conservation of wildlife.
• Public Participation: The Act provides for the participation of the public in
environmental decision-making. It requires public hearings to be held before
granting environmental clearances for new projects or activities.
• Penalties and Punishments: The Act provides for penalties and punishments for
contravention of the provisions of the Act. The penalties include imprisonment and
fines. The severity of the penalty depends on the nature and extent of the violation.
• The Environmental Protection Act, 1986 outlines the responsibilities and
accountabilities of various stakeholders to protect and improve the environment.
• Responsibilities and accountabilities under the Act:

• Central and State Governments: The Act makes it the responsibility of the
Central and State Governments to take measures for the prevention and control of
environmental pollution. The Central Government has the power to take necessary
steps to protect and improve the environment at the national level, while the State
Governments are responsible for implementing the provisions of the Act at the state
level.
• Industries and Individuals: The Act makes it mandatory for industries and
individuals to take necessary measures to prevent and control pollution. They must
comply with the standards and guidelines issued by the Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) to prevent and control
pollution.

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): The Act requires the preparation of an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for any new project or activity that
is likely to have an adverse impact on the environment. The report must assess the
potential environmental impacts of the project and propose measures to mitigate
these impacts.
• Hazardous Substances: The Act regulates the handling, transportation, and
disposal of hazardous substances, including toxic and radioactive materials. It
makes it the responsibility of industries and individuals to handle these substances
in a safe and responsible manner.

• Biodiversity Conservation: The Act provides for the conservation of biodiversity and
the protection of wildlife. It makes it the responsibility of industries and individuals to
ensure that their activities do not have an adverse impact on wildlife and their habitats.
• Public Participation: The Act provides for the participation of the public in
environmental decision-making. It requires public hearings to be held before granting
environmental clearances for new projects or activities. The public has the right to
access information on the potential environmental impacts of these projects.
• Penalties and Punishments: The Act provides for penalties and punishments for
contravention of the provisions of the Act. The penalties include imprisonment and
fines. The severity of the penalty depends on the nature and extent of the violation.

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Environmental Science & Sustainability: Dr. Ruchi Singhal Associate Professor

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Environmental Science &

Dr. Ruchi Singhal

• The Environmental Protection Act, 1986 is a comprehensive legislation that

• Features of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986:

• Features of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986:

• Responsibilities and accountabilities under the Act:

• Responsibilities and accountabilities under the Act:

• Responsibilities and accountabilities under the Act:

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