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CompTIA Secure Infrastructure Specialist (CSIS)
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CompTIA Network+ Exam N10-008

Lesson 2
Deploying Ethernet Cabling

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Objectives
Summarize Ethernet standards
Summarize copper cabling types
Summarize fiber optic cabling types
Deploy Ethernet cabling
Lesson 2

Topic 2A
Summarize Ethernet Standards

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Network Data Transmission
Electromagnetic carrier wave with a range of frequencies (bandwidth)
Modulate properties of the wave to encode digital information
Copper cable carries electrical signals
Twisted pair and coaxial types
Attenuation (signal weakens quickly over distance)
Twisted pair Cat cable standards/specifications
Fiber optic cable carries infrared light signals
Single Mode (SMF) and Multimode (MMF) types
Optical Mode (OM) category designations
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Ethernet Standards
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 Ethernet standards
xBASE-y
Bit rate
Baseband signal mode
Media type
10BASE-T
10 Mbps
-Twisted pair copper cabling
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Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• Multiple access area networks
• Contention-based media access control
• Collisions require nodes to re-transmit
• More nodes within collision domain
reduces performance
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
• Detect collision by signal presence on Tx
and Rx simultaneously
• Half-duplex transmission
• 10BASE-T hubs form a single collision
domain
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100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet Standard
CSMA/CD over twisted pair but at 100 Mbps
Cat 5 or better cable
Maximum link length of 100 meters (328 feet)
Development of Ethernet switches to replace hubs
Isolates collision domain to switch port
Allows full-duplex transmission
Speed/duplex autonegotiation protocol (fast link pulse)
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Gigabit Ethernet Standards
1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet)
Requires switches
Supports 100 m (328 feet) links over twisted-pair
Mainstream choice for office networks
10 Gbps (10G Ethernet) and 40 Gbps (40G Ethernet)
Requires shielded/screened cable for longer runs
Used in datacenters and for workstations with high bandwidth requirements
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Review Activity: Ethernet Standards
• Network Data Transmission
• Ethernet Standards
• Media Access Control and Collision Domains
• 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet Standard
• Gigabit Ethernet Standards
Lesson 2

Topic 2B
Summarize Copper Cabling Types

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Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
Balanced pairs and twist rate to mitigate external
interference and crosstalk
Solid versus stranded cable
American Wire Gauge (AWG)
Higher values represent thinner wire
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
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Shielded and Screened Twisted Pair Cable
Screened cable
Outer foil shield around all pairs
Screened twisted pair (ScTP), foiled/unshielded twisted pair (F/UTP), foiled twisted pair
(FTP)
Shielded and screened cable
Outer braid around all pairs
Foil around each pair
Shielded/foiled twisted pair (S/FTP)
Termination issues (bonding shield to connectors)
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Cat Cable Standards
Cat 5
Legacy installations only
Cat 5e
Better performance characteristics to support 1 Gbps over 100 m
Cat 6
10 Gbps over reduced range (55 m)
Cat 6A
10 Gbps over 100 m
“Cat 7”
Screened/shielded type using special connectors
Cat 8
40 Gbps over reduced lengths (top-of-rack datacenter applications)
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Twisted Pair Connector Types
RJ-45 connectors • RJ-11 connectors
4-pair cable • 2-pair cable (6P2C)
8-position/8-contact (8P8C) • Used in telephone systems
Used for Ethernet
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Copper Termination Standards
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Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
Plenum space for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
Fire stops and regulations
Plenum-rated cable
Emits minimal smoke
Self-extinguishing
CMP/MMP
Riser space (between two floors)
CMR/MPR

https://community.fs.com/article/ethernet-cable-jacket-ratings-cm-vs-cmr-vs-cmp.html
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Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors
Coaxial Twinaxial
Core and mesh conductors Two core conductors plus mesh conductor
Radio Grade designations Used in datacenters
Used with cable broadband Direct Attach Copper (DAC) transceivers
F-type connectors
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Review Activity: Copper Cabling Types
• Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
• Shielded and Screened Twisted Pair Cable
• Cat Cable Standards
• Twisted Pair Connector Types
• Copper Termination Standards
• Plenum- and Riser-rated Cable
• Coaxial and Twinaxial Cable and Connectors
Lesson 2

Topic 2C
Summarize Fiber Optic Cabling Types

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Fiber Optic Cable Considerations
Infrared signaling less prone to interference and attenuation
Fiber optic cable construction
Core, cladding, and waveguide
Buffer and sheath
Multi-strand cable
Outer jacket materials
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Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber

Multimode Fiber (MMF) Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

50 / 62.5 micron core 8-10 micron core
850 / 1300 nm wavelength
1310 / 1550 nm wavelength
Optical Multimode (OM) categories
OM1/OM2 support 1 Gbps using LED Laser optics
transmitters or 10 Gbps over shorter range OS1 (indoor) and OS2 (outdoor)
OM3/OM4 laser optimized MMF (LOMMF) Long distance and short range
Mostly short range applications (datacenter) applications
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Fiber Optic Connector Types
Straight Tip (ST)
Legacy installations
Subscriber Connector (SC)
Push/pull design
Very widely used
Local Connector (LC)
Smaller form factor than SC
Also very widely used
Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack (MTRJ)
Small form factor snap-in design
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Fiber Ethernet Standards
100BASE-FX and 100BASE-SX
100 Mbps over 2 km (FX) and 550 m (SX)
1000BASE-SX and 1000BASE-LX
1 Gbps over short ranges (SX) and long ranges (LX)
10GBASE-SR and 10GBASE-LR
10 Gbps over short range (SR) and long range (LR)
Datacenter versus WAN applications
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Fiber Optic Cable Installation
Duplex strand pairs
Patch cord polarity
Finishing types
Physical Contact (PC)
Ultra Physical Contact (UPC)
Angled Physical Contact (APC)
Jacket and connector color-coding
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Review Activity: Fiber Optic Cabling Types
• Fiber Optic Cable Considerations
• Single Mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
• Fiber Optic Connector Types
• Fiber Ethernet Standards
• Fiber Optic Cable Installation
Lesson 2

Topic 2D
Deploy Ethernet Cabling

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Structured Cabling System
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Cable Management
Ensure reliability and ease of management/changes
Cross-connect/distribution frames
Terminate structured cabling (permanent links)
Punchdown block
Insulation-displacement connection (IDC)
66 block
110 block
BIX and Krone formats
Patch panel/patch bay
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Wiring Tools and Techniques
Pulling cable from telecommunications room to work area (distribution frame to wall port)
Permanent link versus patch cords
Drops to wall port
Service loop
Snips and cable strippers to remove jacket and insulation without damaging wires
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Termination Tools
Punchdown tool
Fix structured cable to insulation
displacement connector
Use correct blade type (110, BIX, Krone)
Block tools to terminate multiple wires on
distribution frames
Cable crimper
Fix jack connectors to patch cables
Unshielded versus shielded termination
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Fibre Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
Fiber distribution panel supports moves, adds,
changes between optical links
Splicing strands minimizes loss from connectors
Mechanical splice
Fusion splicing machine
Pigtails
Supporting tray to protect splice
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Transceivers
Modular format for installing port types to network switches and routers
• 1 Gbps Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC)
and Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP)
• 10 Gbps Enhanced SFP (SFP+)
• 4 x 1 Gbps Quad small form-factor
pluggable (QSFP)
• 4 x 10 Gbps Enhanced quad small form-
factor pluggable (QSFP+)
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Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Bidirectional (BiDi) Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Transmit and receive over same strand using separate wavelengths
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM)
Typically use of 16 wavelengths to implement 8 full duplex channels
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
20, 40, 80, or 160 channels
Multiplexer/demultiplexers and optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM)
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Review Activity: Ethernet Cabling
• Structured Cabling System
• Cable Management
• Wiring Tools and Techniques
• Termination Tools
• Fiber Distribution Panels and Fusion Splicing
• Transceivers
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing
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CompTIA Network+ Exam N10-008

Lesson 2
Summary

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