EVOLUTION OF
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
BY:
D. B. Naga Muruga,
Dept of mechanical engineering,
Sriram engineering college
WHAT IS
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE?
A language consists of set of instructions to
perform a specific task to get the required
output is known as programming language.
Example:
main()
{
int a,b;
scanf(“%d %d”,&a,&b);
printf(“%d”,(a+b));
}
2
Classification Of Programming Languages
Low-level Languages
Machine Language.
Assembly Language.
High-level Languages
Procedural.
Object based.
Purely Object Oriented.
ADD A FOOTER 3
FORTRAN
The first high-level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945.
The first high-level language to have an associated compiler was created by Corrado Böhm in 1951, for his
PhD thesis. The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation); developed
in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus at IBM.
FEATURES: APPLICATIONS:
1) Numerical weather prediction
1) Free format on source code.
2) Finite element analysis
2) Dynamic allocation and pointers.
3) User defined data types. 3) Computational physics
4) Modules. 4) Crystallography
5) Recursive functions. 5) Computational chemistry
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6) Computational fluid dynamics
C
Procedural programming
Developed by Dennis Richie ,bell lab,1972
EXAMPLE:
FEATURES:
#include<stdio.h>
Low access to memory void main()
Super Fast and efficient {
Portable printf(“%d”,printf(”Hello world”));
Flexible }
Modular
Easy to debug Output:
Hello world11
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APPLICATIONS:
1) Designing OS
2) Designing compilers
3) Designing networking devices
4) Developing new languages(like UNIX)
5) Used in embedded system
6) Gaming and Animations
DISADVANTAGES:
7) Does not support oops concepts
8) No run time checking
9) No strict type checking
10) Doesn’t have constructors and destructors.
11) Doesn’t support inline functions and have exception handling
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C++
It was developed at AT&T bell lab,1980s,by bjarne stroustrup.
EXAMPLE:
#include <iostream>
FEATURES :
using namespace std;
int main()
Object oriented {
Simple int a=100, b, c;
Suitable for large projects cin >> b;//getting an integer value
Fast and efficient c = a + b>1750?400:200;
cout << c << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
2000//input
400
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APPLICATIONS:
1) Operating systems
2) Graphics
3) Banking applications
4) Embedded systems
5) Web browsers
DISADVANTAGES:
6) Platform dependent
7) Not fully object oriented
8) Can’t support garbage collection
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JAVA
Object oriented
EXAMPLE:
Write once run anywhere(WORA)
Designed by James Gosling,1995 Import java.util.*;
class Simple{
public static void main(String args[]){
FEATURES: int a;
Simple scanner s=new scanner(System.in);
Portable a=s.nextInt();
System.out.print(“entered no. is:”+a);
Platform independent
Compiled and interpreted }
}
Secured
OUTPUT:
Robust 5
9
entered no. is:5
APPLICATIONS:
1) Creating android applications
2) Designing web applications
3) Embedded systems
DISADVANTAGES:
4) Significantly slower than C and C++.
5) Consumes more memory.
6) No control over garbage collection.
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PYTHON
Interpreter Language
Created by Guido Van Rossum in the year of
1991 EXAMPLE:
l=list(map(int,input().split()))
FEATURES: l.sort()
for i in l:
print(i,end=“ ”)
1) Works on different platforms.
2) Simple syntax. Output:
5 3 1 4 2//input
3) Can be treated as a procedural as well as
1 2 3 4 5 //output
object oriented language.
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APPLICATIONS:
1) Web applications.
2) Can handle big data and performs complex mathematical functions.
3) Robotics.
4) Data analytics.
5) Machine Learning.
DISADVANTAGES:
6) Speed is slower than C.
7) Weak language for Mobile Computing.
8) Memory consumption is high.
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SQL(Structured Query Language):
It's a language that allows communication with databases in order to Example:
manage all the data they contain. student
To hold this data, a database system is used. SQL (structured query id Name mark rank
language) is a programming language that enables programmers to
work with that data. 201 raj 85 5
202 ramya 72 2
Features: SELECT Name,mark FORM student;
Portable
Open Source Name mark
Interactive language raj 85
Easy to learn and understand ramya 72
Complete language for a database
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EXAMPLE COMMANDS IN SQL:
APPLICATIONS:
CREATE COMMAND:
1) Database Management.
2) Data Integration Scripts. Create table student ( roll number PRIMARY KEY
3) Analytical Queries. Name varchar(50) NOT NULL
4) Business and Web Applications. Admn_no number UNIQUE
Address varchar(50)
DISADVANTAGES: marks number);
5) Difficult Interface. SELECT COMMAND:
6) Partial Control.
7) Implementation. Select * from student;
8) Cost.
DELETE COMMAND:
Delete from student marks<20;
UPDATE COMMAND:
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Update student set marks=marks+10;
JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript was created by Brendan Eich, who was an employee at Netscape Communications Corporation at
that time. He began to develop a scripting language which was initially called as LiveScript with the purpose of
utilizing it both in the browser and on the server. Thus, the Netscape moved into a specific development
cooperation with Sun Microsystems for a comprehensive implementation of LiveScript in time for release.
FEATURES:
Client-Side execution
User Interface Interactivity
Rapid Development
Browser Compatible
Make XMLHttp Request() Object
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APPLICATIONS:
1) Front End Development.
2) Back End Development.
3) Web Database.
4) Web Designing.
DISADVANTAGES:
5) Client-side insecurity.
6) Browser Support.
7) Lack of Debugging Facility. ...
8) Single Inheritance. ...
9) Sluggish Bitwise Function. ...
10) Rendering Stopped.
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Front-end Back-end
Websites
Client-side Server-side
YouTube.com JavaScript C, C++, Python, Java, Go
Yahoo JavaScript PHP
WordPress.com JavaScript PHP
Wikipedia.org JavaScript PHP, Hack
Twitter.com JavaScript C++, Java, Scala,Ruby
Pinterest JavaScript Python (Django), Erlang
MSN.com JavaScript C#
Linkedin.com JavaScript Java, JavaScript,Scala
Google.com[2] JavaScript C, C++, Go, Java, Python
Facebook.com JavaScript Hack, PHP (HHVM), Python, C++, Java, Erlang, D, XHP Haskell
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eBay.com JavaScript Java,JavaScript,Scala
Bing JavaScript C++, C#
Amazon.com JavaScript Java, C++, Perl
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WHAT ARE THE HIGHEST PAYING PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES?
WORLDWIDE
Python - $8,809
Clojure - $72,000 Java - $7,341
Rust - $65,714 JavaScript - $7,047
Elixir - $65,000 C# - $6,901
Go - $64,516 SQL - $6,695
Perl - $63,068 C++ - $6,622
Ruby - $60,000 C - $6,240
Scala - $60,000 PHP - $5,286
R - $57,125
CoffeeScript - $55,054
Haskell - $53,763
Python - $53,763
Swift - $53,763
C# - $53,750
C++ - $51,324
VBA - $50,476
JavaScript - $50,000
Matlab - $50,000
SQL - $50,000 18
VB. NET Shop - $50,000
C - $49,423
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THANK YOU…
