Microelectronics Pill

MICRO ELECTRONIC
PILL
PRANAV-T
20200349
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 MICROELECTRONIC PILLMICRO ELECTRONIC PILL
 WORKINGWORKING
 COMPONENTS
 RANGE & ACCURACY
 ADVANTAGESAVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 LIMITATION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
 Our body is sensitive system .

 At some situation, doctors can’t easily detect diseases.Thus it become
too late to cure it.
 Professor Jon Cooper and Dr Erik Johanessen from Glasgow
University U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic
pill in 1972.
 It is modern wireless type of endoscopic monitoring system.
MICROELECTRONIC PILL
 A “Micro electronic pill” is a basically a multichannel sensor used for

remote biomedical measurements using micro technology.
 This has been developed for the internal study &detection of diseases
in GI tract.
 The pill is 16mm in diameter& 55mm long weighing around 5 g.
 Record parameter like pH, temperature, conductivity & dissolved O2.
WORKING
Working Conti…….
 All Microelectronic pill is powered by a battery in order to utilize the

device in internal remote location.
 Receiver capture RF signal through antenna.
 A computer system is required for the control data acquisition unit
 & also stored it.

BLOCK DIAGRAME
1. RADIO TRANSMITTER
 Size of transmitter = 8 × 5 × 3 mm
 Modulation Scheme = Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
 Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbps
 Frequency = 40.01 MHz at 20 °C
 Bandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHz
 It consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current.
2. TWO SILVER OXIDE BATTERIES
 2 SR44 Ag 2 O batteries are used
 Operating Time > 40 hours.
 Power Consumption = 12.1mW
 Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA
 Supply Voltage = 3.1 V .

Observation on receiver computer
3.CAPSULE
3.1.SILICON DIODE
 It measures the body core temperature.
 Also compensates with the temperature induced signal changes in other
sensors.
 It also identifies local changes associated with Tissue Inflammation & Ulcers
3.2.ISFET
 The ISFET measures pH.
 It can reveal pathological cnditions associated with abnormal pH levels
 These abnormalities include :
1. Pancreatic disease
2. Hypertension
3. Inflammatory bowel disease…..
3.3. ELECTODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
 The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of dissolved
oxygen in solution.
 It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI
Tract
 It investigates :
 Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection
 Formation of radicals causing cellular injury & pathophysiological
conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration.
 It develops 1st generation enzymes linked with amperometric
biosensors.
3.4.DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTODE
 The pair of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conductivity by,
1. measuring the contents of water & salt absorption,
2.bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into
charged colloids etc. the GI tract.
 Since the gold has best conductivity among all the
elements, Therefore it gives true value of
conductivity as measured.
4.CONTROL CHIP
 The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control unit
that connects together other components of the micro system.
 It contains an analogue signal –conditioning module operating the

sensors, 10-bit ADC & DAC & digital data processing module.
 The temperature circuitry bias the diode at constant current so that
change in temperature reflects a corresponding change in diode
voltage.
 The pH ISFET sensor is biased as a simple source at constant current
with the source voltage changing with threshold voltage & pH .
Conti…..
 The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the resistance
across the electrode pair as an inverse function of solution conductivity.
 An incorporated potentiostat circuit operates the O2 sensor with a 10

bit DAC controlling the working electrode potential w.r.t the reference
 Analogue signals are sequenced through a multiplexer before being

digitized by ADC.
 ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of

current.
Sensor chips
Range & Accuracy
RANGE :
 Temperature from 0 to 70°C
 pH from 1 to 13
 Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2 mg per liter
 Conductivity above 0.05 mScm-1
 Full scale dynamic Range analogue signal = 2.8 V
ACCURACY :
 pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real value
 Oxygen Sensor is ±0.4 mgL.
 Temperature & Conductivity is within ±1%.
ADVANTAGES
 It is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities in
human body.
 Adaptable for use in corrosive & quiescent environment
 It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality, Pollution
Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of pipelines.
 Power consumption is very less.
 It has very small size, hence it is very easy for practical usage.
 High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times.
 Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference
LIMITATIONS(The Dark Side)
 It cannot perform ultrasound & impedance tomography.

 Cannot detect radiation abnormalities
 Cannot perform radiation treatment associated with cancer & chronic
inflammation.
 Micro Electronic Pills are expensive & are not available in many
countries.
 Still its size is not digestible to small babies.
 Further research are being carried out to remove its draw backs.
CONCLUSION
 microelectronic pill, designed to perform real-time in situ measurements
of the GI tract, providing in vitro wireless transmitted multichannel
recordings.
 Further work will focus on developing photo patternable gel electrolytes

and oxygen and cation selective membranes.
 The pill is 16mm in diameter& 55mm long weighing around 5 g.
 Record parameter like pH, temperature, conductivity & dissolved O2.

REFERENCE
 WEB REFERENCE:-
 http://ubimon.doc.ic.ac.uk/bsn/public/Jon_Cooper.pdf
 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
 http://www.forumsains.com
THANK YOU

Microelectronics Pill

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Microelectronics Pill

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Microelectronics Pill

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MICRO ELECTRONIC

 Our body is sensitive system .

 A “Micro electronic pill” is a basically a multichannel sensor used for

 All Microelectronic pill is powered by a battery in order to utilize the

 Receiver capture RF signal through antenna.

 A computer system is required for the control data acquisition unit

 & also stored it.

 2 SR44 Ag 2 O batteries are used

 Operating Time > 40 hours.

 Power Consumption = 12.1mW

 Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA

 Supply Voltage = 3.1 V .

 The pair of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conductivity by,

1. measuring the contents of water & salt absorption,

2.bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into

charged colloids etc. the GI tract.

 Since the gold has best conductivity among all the

elements, Therefore it gives true value of

 It contains an analogue signal –conditioning module operating the

 An incorporated potentiostat circuit operates the O2 sensor with a 10

 Analogue signals are sequenced through a multiplexer before being

 ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of

 It cannot perform ultrasound & impedance tomography.

 Further work will focus on developing photo patternable gel electrolytes

 The pill is 16mm in diameter& 55mm long weighing around 5 g.

 Record parameter like pH, temperature, conductivity & dissolved O2.

You might also like