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    M Das Ug Class1

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    wukongjinmori

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    M Das Ug Class1

    Uploaded by

    wukongjinmori
    2 views29 pages

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    M Das ug class1

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    2 views29 pages

    M Das Ug Class1

    Uploaded by

    wukongjinmori

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    OPTICS & REFRACTION

    Dr Matuli Das
    PROF & HOD
    Dept of Ophthalmology
    LESSON PLANNING OP1
    • P1.1 Describe the physiology of vision K , Physiology
    • OP1.2 Define, classify and describe the types and methods of correcting refractive errors K

    • OP1.3 Demonstrate the steps in performing the visual acuity assessment for distance vision, near vision, colour vision, the pin hole
    test and the menace and blink reflexes S

    • OP1.4 Enumerate the indications and describe the principles of refractive surgery K

    • OP1.5 Define, enumerate the types and the mechanism by which strabismus leads to amblyopia K
    LENSES
    CONVEX LENS :Identification ?
    Images formed?
    Uses – correction ofHypermetropia,Presbyopia,Aphakia,Equipments
    (loupe )

    CONCAVE LENS :Identification?


    Image formed is virtual & erect
    Uses –correction of myopia, Hruby lens

    CYLINDRICAL LENS :Identification


    Uses –correction of Astigmatism,in Cross cylinder,Maddox Rod
    PRISMS
    • What is a prism ?
    • Parts of a prism(Apical angle,Axis ,Base )
    • Refraction through a prism(action)
    • Type of image formed(virtual,erect,displaced towards apex)
    • Power of a prism ( 1 prism dioptres) (obj 1M -1cm )
    • 2PD = 1degree

    USES : DIAGNOSTIC
    (AT ,Gonio ,Keratometer, Prism bar)
    Measurement of squint,diagnosis of microtropia
    USES : THERAPEUTIC ( Treatment of Diplopia ,for exercises to increase
    fusion )
    SCHEMATIC EYE(Gullstrand)
    • A Schematic eye is a mathematical or physical model that represents
    the basic optical features of the real eye.
    • Objective
    To provide a basis for theoretical studies of the eye as an optical
    instrument.
    • Complexities of fundamental unimportance is ignored.
    USES OF SCHEMATIC EYE
    • Calculate IOL power
    • Localize foreign body inside eye
    • Design instruments for eye
    REDUCED EYE ( modified by Listing
    &Donder over the schematic eye)
    REDUCED EYE
    • PRINCIPAL POINT –P- 1.5 mm behind ant corneal
    surface
    • NODAL POINT - N-- 7.2 mm
    • ANT FOCAL PT - F1 - 15.7 mm in front of ant corneal
    surface
    • POST FOCAL PT - F2- 24.4 mm behind ant corneal
    surface
    • ANT FOCAL LENGTH - f1-17.2mm
    • POST FOCAL LENGTH – f2- 22.9 mm
    REDUCED EYE
    • TOTAL DIOPTRIC POWER = + 60 D

    • CORNEA = + 43 D

    • LENS = + 17 D
    Axes of the eye
    AXES of the EYE
    Angles alpha &kappa
    STARBURST ,GLARE, HALOES can happen postop if calculations are incorrect .
    Optical Aberrations

    • What are optical aberrations ?


    spherical
    chromatic
    Diffraction
    Decentring
    coma
    oblique

    • How does the eye protect itself against these aberrations ?


    SPHERICAL ABERRATION
    CHROMATIC ABERRATION
    DIFFRACTION
    OPTICAL ABERRATION
    OPTICAL ABERRATION
    COMA
    Nature’s mechanism to decrease aberrations.
    • IRIS blocks the peripheral rays.
    • LENS has a higher refractive index at centre than peripheral cortex
    • RETINA peripheral parts are less sensitive .
    • STILES- CRAWFORD EFFECT.
    OPTICAL SYSTEM IN AN ABNORMAL EYE

    • Emmetropia
    • Ametropia
    • Anisometropia
    • Hypermetropia
    • Myopia
    • Astigmatism
    • Aphakia
    • Pseudophakia
    MYOPIA

    • Defination - A type of refractive error where parallel rays


    coming from infinity are focussed in front of the retina
    when accomodation is at rest
    HYPERMETROPIA

    Definition : It is the refractive state of eye where


    parallel rays coming from infinity are focused behind the
    retina with accommodation at rest.
    ASTIGMATISM

    Defination - It is a type of refractive error


    where refraction varies in different
    meridians of the eye.

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