Mood Disorders

PRESENTER: N
MRWETYANA-MLUNGU VCNP330 UNIT4

A mood disorder is a condition that severely impacts mood
and its related functions
MOOD Mood disorder is a broad term that refers to the different

types of depressive and bipolar disorders, all of which
DISORDERS affect mood
If you have symptoms of a mood disorder, your moods may

range from extremely low (depressed) to extremely high or
irritable (manic)
SYMPTOMS OF MOOD DISORDERS
Mood disorders can lead to difficulty in keeping up with the daily tasks and demands of
life
Some people, especially children, may have physical symptoms of depression, like
unexplained headaches or stomachaches
Because there are various types of mood disorders, they can have very different effects
on quality of life
With mood disorders, these symptoms are ongoing and eventually start to affect daily
life in a negative way
They're not the sporadic thoughts and feelings that everyone has on occasion
SYMPTOMS OF MOOD DISORDERS
• Loss of interest in activities one once • Feeling isolated, sad, hopeless, and
enjoyed worthless
• Eating more or less than usual • Difficulty concentrating
• Difficulty sleeping or sleeping more than • Problems making decisions
usual • Feelings of guilt
• Fatigue • Irritability
• Crying • Thoughts of dying and/or suicide
• Anxiety
• Feeling "flat," having no energy to care
• With the update of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013
• Mood disorders were separated into two groups: bipolar
TYPES OF and related disorders and depressive disorders
Types of mood disorders include:
MOOD • Major depressive disorder (MDD): This is what we
DISORDERS often hear referred to as major depression or clinical
depression
• It involves periods of extreme sadness, hopelessness, or
emptiness accompanied by a variety of physical,
cognitive, and emotional symptoms
This disorder was formerly called manic depression
BIPOLAR I
DISORDER Mania is characterized by euphoric and/or irritable
moods and increased energy or activity
During manic episodes, people with bipolar I also

regularly engage in risky activities that can result in
negative consequences for themselves and/or others
To be diagnosed with bipolar II, a person must have had
at least one episode of current or past hypomania (a less
severe form of mania),
and at least one episode of current or past major

depression, but no history of any manic episodes
BIPOLAR II
DISORDER Cyclothymic disorder: Diagnosis requires a minimum
two-year history of many episodes that resemble
hypomania and resemble major depression,
but none of which actually meet the criteria for these

conditions.
• Bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition: Some medical
conditions can actually cause symptoms of bipolar disorder
• This is diagnosed when there is evidence that the mood disturbance is the direct
physiological result of another medical (not mental) condition
• Depressive disorder due to another medical condition: Similar to bipolar disorder
related to another medical condition, this diagnosis is used for people who have the
symptoms of depression;
• however, the symptoms are directly caused by an underlying medical condition such
as hypothyroidism
• Substance/medication-induced bipolar disorder: This describes a person who is
experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder as a result of alcohol, drugs, or medication
• Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder: This diagnosis is used when a person
experiences a depressive disorder as a result of alcohol, drugs, or medication
• Other specified or unspecified bipolar: These diagnoses may be used when a person doesn't
meet the criteria for any other type of bipolar disorder,
• but they do experience bipolar symptoms (such as a hypomanic episode lasting only two days)
• Other specified or unspecified depressive disorder: These diagnoses may be used when a
person experiences a depressive disorder, but they don't technically meet the full criteria for any
other depressive disorder
• This allows communication around the specific reasonings the presentation does not meet criteria
for any specific depressive disorder.
THE DSM-5 • Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: This depressive disorder was
added to the DSM-5 for children 6 to 18 years of age
ADDED • who exhibit persistent irritability and anger and frequent episodes of
extreme temper outbursts without any significant provocation
THREE NEW • Persistent depressive disorder: This diagnosis is meant to include both
chronic major depressive disorder (that has lasted for two or more years)
MOOD • and what was previously known as dysthymic disorder or dysthymia, a
lower grade form of depression
DISORDERS. • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: This diagnosis is based on the presence
of one or more specific symptoms in the week before the onset of
THESE menstruation,
• followed by the resolution of these symptoms after onset
INCLUDE: • The symptoms include mood swings, irritability or anger, depressed mood
or hopelessness, and anxiety or tension, as well as one or more of an
additional seven other mood symptoms, for a total of at least five symptoms
• Millions of people experience mood disorders and are successfully treated,
helping them live a better quality of life
• Treatments for mood disorders can include psychotherapy, also known as
talk therapy, as well as medications to help regulate chemical imbalances in
the brain
• A combination of therapy and medication is often the best course of action
Therapy
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common form of therapy used to
TREATMENT
treat many types of mental health conditions, including depression and
bipolar disorder
• With CBT, a therapist teaches you to reframe negative thought patterns and
redirect potentially harmful behavior by using healthy coping mechanisms
instead
• Another type of therapy that may be recommended for those with mood
disorders is family therapy
• Family therapy can help the family members to learn more about the
patient’s condition, which can help them become better able to support the
patient during treatment
• A doctor may prescribe antidepressants for someone with a
mood disorder
• Antidepressants are used to treat both depression and
certain types of bipolar disorder
• Mood-stabilizing medication (such as lithium carbonate),
MEDICATION atypical antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants are the main

agents used to treat bipolar disorder
• Epilim (sodium valproate), Lamictal (lamotrigine), and
Tegretol (carbamazepine) are anticonvulsants that are
sometimes used to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder
• Anticonvulsants are used to treat seizures in people with
epilepsy but have been found to be effective in treating the
symptoms of bipolar disorder as well
SUICIDE
• SEE NOTES SHARED
• SEE PRESCRIBED TEXTBOOK FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

Mood Disorders

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PRESENTER: N

MRWETYANA-MLUNGU VCNP330 UNIT4

MOOD Mood disorder is a broad term that refers to the different

If you have symptoms of a mood disorder, your moods may

During manic episodes, people with bipolar I also

and at least one episode of current or past major

but none of which actually meet the criteria for these

MEDICATION atypical antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants are the main

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