Ortographic Views From Isometric Views - 035447

3.
0 Freehand Sketching of Orthographic Views From

Isometric Views
3.1 Orthographic Projection – First Angle and Third Angle
3.1.1 Learning Outcome
At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:
• recognize the direction of viewing used to derive the various views in

first and third angle projections
• project the elevations of a simple solid in first and third angle projections
• draw a front elevation
• draw an end elevation
• draw a plan/top elevation
• draw the first and third angle symbol
1
3.2 Orthographic Projection
Orthographic drawings are important for engineers to better
see the objects they are drawing in three dimensions (3D).
Not only does it help one to do this, but it also allows other people
who are interested in drawing that object to know all the specifics
of the object from ANY angle.
Let us imagine you are trying to describe an object to someone. It
is easier if you take a few photos from each angle and show it to
them. That would be something close to an orthographic
projection.
2
3.2.1 Views Of Orthographic Projection
There are 6 views of orthographic projection, but mostly there are
only used three of them. The three main views used in
orthographic projection/drawing are the Front, Side, and Plan
(Top) view. With only these 3 views, one can already have a very
clear idea of how the object looks, and can detail it quite well if one
is trying to build a 3D version of it. The 6 actual different views of
an orthographic projection are:
(i) Top View (Plan) (ii) Bottom View (iii) Back View
(iv) Front View (v) Right Side View (vi) Left Side View
3
With these 6 different views, you can create a super detailed 3D

object since all the angles are covered.
Engineers should just use the 3 views orthographic projection if all

3 of these points are true:
• Both sides of the object are symmetrical. This means that you do
not need to separate them into a right and left side view.
• The bottom doesn’t matter for the product or is equal to the top
(plan) of the object. If the bottom part won’t be used (either on a
product or on a final isometric drawing) then you can skip this
4
view.
•The same is true if the bottom and the top part of the object are
equally designed, since you already have a top view drawn, it
would be a waste of time to draw it again for the bottom view.
•The front and back view of the object is the same. Basically the
same as before, if they are the same there is no point in drawing
the same view twice. It is not EXACTLY the same view, but the
drawing would be the same.
The 6-point orthographic drawing is one of the most spot-on

orthographic drawings that one can design since it covers every
little detail from every angle. 5
3.3 Orthographic Drawing and Isometric Drawing
Though an orthographic drawing and an isometric drawing are

very correlated, there are a few major differences between them.
The major difference is that an orthographic drawing is a two-

dimensional representation of an object, with all the views
represented in it.
•And an isometric drawing is a three-dimensional representation of
that same object.
6
3.3 Orthographic Drawing and Isometric Drawing
The isometric view is on the left and the orthographic view is the 2D planes
broken down into separate pieces, on the right.
The isometric view is on the left and the orthographic view is the 2D planes
broken down into separate pieces, on the right and below. As you can see
with the image above, there is quite a difference between an isometric view
and an orthographic view, but you can create one from the other. 7
The orthographic projection is a way of drawing an object as
seen from three different directions.
To demonstrate this, we will use the simple object shown
below in Fig. 3.1.
Figure 3.1 8
The three directions from which the object is to be drawn are
shown below. They are called Front Elevation, End
Elevation and Plan/Top views. This helps us distinguish
between one view and the other.
/Top
The surfaces that can be seen from the front elevation are
labelled AA, the ones seen from the end elevation are labelled
BB and the ones seen from the plan/top views are labelled
CC.
CC
BB
AA
CC
BB
When drawn in orthographic projection,
this object is drawn as shown below.
Note that the views are neatly labelled so that we know what
we are looking at. Also note that they are drawn aligned to
each other. This is shown by the faint lines projected from one
view to the other. The positioning of the views is also
important. An easy way to know where you should place a
view is by looking at its arrow in the three dimensional view
of the object.
For example, the arrow of the front elevation is pointing to
the top left hand corner of the paper.
This means that the front elevation should be drawn at the top left hand
side of the paper. In the same way, since the arrow of the end elevation is
pointing to the top right hand corner, the end elevation is to be drawn in
the top right hand corner. The arrow for the plan is pointing directly
downwards, but in the case of the plan, we do not draw it in the bottom
center area of the paper. Instead we draw the plan aligned to the front
elevation. There are two predominant orthographic projections used
today. They are based on Monge's original right angle planes and are
shown fully in Figure 3.2. They define four separate spaces, or
quadrants. Each of these quadrants could contain the object to
be represented. Traditionally however, only two are commonly used, the
first and the third. Projections created with the object placed in the first
quadrant are said to be in First Angle projection, and likewise,
projections created with the object placed in the third quadrant are said
to be in Third Angle projection.
Fig. 4.2
3.5 First angle projection
Consider the first quadrant in Figure 4.2. The resultant drawing
of the cone would be obtained by flattening the two
perpendicular projections planes, as shown in Figure 4.3.
Figure 4.3 First angle projection

For this example, you could say that the right hand side image
is the plan or top elevation and the image to the left is the side
elevation. Whether you view the objects from the left or the
right, the order in which the drawing views are arranged puts
the image that you see after the object, object first then
the image. This is always true for First Angle projection.
Now, replace the moving car with two concentric circles and the
observer and binocular with a binocular icon or the front view of the
conical frustum. Add the center lines and now you get the symbol for the
first angle projection.
Remember the front view of the conical frustum represents the shape of
the binocular directly i.e. Larger end at the right side and the smaller end
at the left side.
If you remember the scene just explained, you will never forget the
correct symbol again.
The first angle symbol and its dimensions are given below
3.4.2 Third angle projection
Consider the third quadrant in Figure 3.2. The resultant drawing of the
cone would be obtained by flattening the two perpendicular projections
planes, as shown in Figure 3.4.
Figure 3.4: Third angle projection

For this example of the cone, you would say that the left hand image is
the plan or top elevation and the image to the right is the side elevation.
Whether you view the objects from the left or the right, the order in
which the drawing views are arranged puts the image that you see before
the object, image first then the object. This is always true for Third
Angle projection.
Look at the first image where the first angle projection is explained.
When we say binocular, the first thing we imagine is looking at the
objects in front, correct? So, you can remember this “first imagination”
as the first angle projection symbol and the other scenario is the third
angle projection.
3.5 Examples on First Angle Projections
Front View
(direction of viewing)
21
Front view Right side view
Front View
Top view
22
Front View
23
Front View
Top view
24
3.5 Examples on Third Angle Projections
Top view
Front View
25
3.5 Examples on Third Angle Projections
Top view
Front View
Front view side view
26
3. 6 Practice Problems
Figure 1
Q.1 Draw the front, top and side view of the object shown in Figure 1 in first and
third angle projections. Indicate the symbols of the projections.
Figure 2
Figure 3

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3.

0 Freehand Sketching of Orthographic Views From

• recognize the direction of viewing used to derive the various views in

With these 6 different views, you can create a super detailed 3D

Engineers should just use the 3 views orthographic projection if all

The 6-point orthographic drawing is one of the most spot-on

Though an orthographic drawing and an isometric drawing are

The major difference is that an orthographic drawing is a two-

Figure 4.3 First angle projection

Figure 3.4: Third angle projection

Front view Right side view

Front view Right side view

Front view side view

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