Exercise Physiology 1

M.G.
M MEDICAL
COLLEGE, INDORE
DEPARTMENT : PHYSIOLOGY
TOPIC FOR ELECTIVES : EXERCISE
PHYSIOLOGY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
SUBMITTED TO: DR. AJAY BHATT SIR
DR AJAY SONI SIR
SUBMITTED BY: ASHWIN GUPTA
SHIVANI GIRWAL
SHUBHAM GARDE
TRIVENI UIKEY
Exercise Physiology
 EXERCISE : defined as intentional increased muscular activities, planned structured
and basically repetitive contraction and relaxation of group of muscles.
 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY: Study of physio-chemical processes in the body that allow

conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work and the changes in the organ
systems in response to the effects of the work.
 Continued skeletal muscle activity utilises energy that

depends on the rate of
nutrients and oxygen supply to the exercising muscles.

Types Of Exercise
ISOTONIC EXERCISE ISOMETRIC EXERCISE
Dynamic Static
No change in the tension Change in tension
Length changes No change in length
External work is done No external work is done
Eg. Walking, running and jogging Eg trying to lift something which
can not be lifted
Extra load on heart
Greater load , avoided on
hypertensives and elderly
CHANGES
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPIRATORY
Longterm Longterm
Shorterm Shorterm
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
LONG-TERM
SHORT- TERM
LONG- TERM
• Increased heart rate • Cardiac hypertrophy
• Increased Stroke Volume
• Increased Blood • Increased Cardiac output
pressure • Increased skeletal muscle
blood flow
• Redistribution of blood flow
• Lower resting heart rate
• Increase in capillarisation
• Increase in RBCs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SHORT-TERM LONG-TERM
• Increase in respiratory rate • Increased Lung Ventilation

• Increase in the tidal volume • Increased lung capacity
• Increased Ventilation • Increased strength of intercostal muscles

• Increased VO₂ • Increased Oxygen Diffusion
Rate
• Increased Minute Ventilation
• Increased no. of capillaries and alveoli
• Increased Lactate Threshold
CARDIAC EFFICIENCY
TEST
EXERCISE TOLERANCE TEST ( ETT)
STRESS TESTING
The efficiency of Cardiac performance can be
determined by :
(1) Subjective symptoms like pain and Dyspnoea
(2) Clinical examination of heart.
(3) Radiological examination of heart.
(4) Electrocardiography
(5) Echocardiography
(6) By performing CARDIAC EFFICIENCY TESTS
- Efficiency of circulation lies in giving a prompt

response to a sudden stress and returning back to the
resting condition as soon as the stress is removed.
CARDIC EFFICENCY TEST
The response of the CVS to standardized exercise is the single

best test for assessing the heart efficiency – physical fitness
Any extra activity over the resting basal level like muscular
exercise, demands additional nutrition as well as faster removal
of metabolic end products.
To meet this demand, there is a progressive ↑ in the HR & BP.

These values return to the pre – exercise levels during the next few
minutes after the exercise is over.
OTHER CARDIAC TEST
(I) HARVARD STEP TEST
(II) MASTER'S STEP TEST
(III) TREAD MILL TEST

HARVARD STEP TEST
PROCEDURE FITNESS INDEX SCORE
FIS=(100X300)/(2X SUM OF THREE
PULSE COUN TAFTER TEST)
THE MASTER TWO STEP
TEST
The Master two-step test:
1 The original protocol consists of stepping up and down a 2-step
platform (each step being 32 cm in height) for a pre set time of 90
seconds.
2.The stepping rate was determined from tables based on weight
and age.
3.Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest and 2 min
after the test.
4 . Fifteen years later, the master two-step test was modified. The
duration was increased from 90 sec to 3 min (a double test).
5. In addition, for objective dictation of latent coronary heart
disease, electrocardiography during the test was introduced.
TREDMILL TEST
TREDMILL TREDMILL TEST ROOM
Treadmill test is use to:
• Determine if there is adequate blood flow to heart during

increasing levels of activity.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of heart medications to control angina
and ischemia.
• Determine the likelihood of having coronary heart disease and the
need for further evaluation.
• Check the effectiveness of procedures done to improve blood flow
within the heart vessels in people with coronary heart disease.
• Identify abnormal heart rhythms.
• Help to develop a safe exercise program.
Contraindication
• Acute myocardial infarction (within 2 days)
• High-risk unstable angina
• Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
• Symptomatic heart failure
• Acute pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction
• Acute myocarditis or pericarditis

• Acute aortic dissection
• Electrolyte abnormalities
• Tachy or Brady arrhythmias
• Mental or physical impairment
• Hypertension (>200/100 at rest)
• Neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorder exacerbated by exercise

INDICATIONS FOR
EXERCISE TESTING
(1)To Assess the work capacity of healthy
individuals.
(2)To determine th e physical fitness of population

groups.
(3)To improve th e performance of athletes,

sportsmen and military personnel.
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR
EXERCISE TESTING
1. Loco motor disturbances
2. Musculoskeletal dysfunctions
3.Anxiety
4.Ischemic Heart Disease
5.Unstable metabolic conditions
6.Threatening signs of Heart failure
THANK YOU

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M.G.

 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY: Study of physio-chemical processes in the body that allow

 Continued skeletal muscle activity utilises energy that

nutrients and oxygen supply to the exercising muscles.

• Increase in respiratory rate • Increased Lung Ventilation

• Increased Ventilation • Increased strength of intercostal muscles

- Efficiency of circulation lies in giving a prompt

The response of the CVS to standardized exercise is the single

To meet this demand, there is a progressive ↑ in the HR & BP.

(II) MASTER'S STEP TEST

(III) TREAD MILL TEST

• Determine if there is adequate blood flow to heart during

• High-risk unstable angina

• Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis

• Symptomatic heart failure

• Acute pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction

• Acute myocarditis or pericarditis

• Tachy or Brady arrhythmias

• Mental or physical impairment

• Hypertension (>200/100 at rest)

• Neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorder exacerbated by exercise

(2)To determine th e physical fitness of population

(3)To improve th e performance of athletes,

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