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    Fiber Lecture

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    Kim Buera
    Fiber optic networks have largely replaced copper networks for long-distance telecommunications. While fiber to the home is not yet cost-effective, it is being deployed by some companies and will likely become necessary to support increasing bandwidth demands for services like video streaming. Fiber provides vastly more bandwidth capacity than copper, supports a wide range of network types and applications, and helps future-proof networks against technological advances. Though installation costs are higher, fiber networks may end up being cheaper than equivalent copper networks when all factors are considered.

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    Fiber Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Kim Buera
    39 views25 pages
    Fiber optic networks have largely replaced copper networks for long-distance telecommunications. While fiber to the home is not yet cost-effective, it is being deployed by some companies and will likely become necessary to support increasing bandwidth demands for services like video streaming. Fiber provides vastly more bandwidth capacity than copper, supports a wide range of network types and applications, and helps future-proof networks against technological advances. Though installation costs are higher, fiber networks may end up being cheaper than equivalent copper networks when all factors are considered.

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    Fiber optic networks have largely replaced copper networks for long-distance telecommunications. While fiber to the home is not yet cost-effective, it is being deployed by some companies and will likely become necessary to support increasing bandwidth demands for services like video streaming. Fiber provides vastly more bandwidth capacity than copper, supports a wide range of network types and applications, and helps future-proof networks against technological advances. Though installation costs are higher, fiber networks may end up being cheaper than equivalent copper networks when all factors are considered.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    39 views25 pages

    Fiber Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Kim Buera
    Fiber optic networks have largely replaced copper networks for long-distance telecommunications. While fiber to the home is not yet cost-effective, it is being deployed by some companies and will likely become necessary to support increasing bandwidth demands for services like video streaming. Fiber provides vastly more bandwidth capacity than copper, supports a wide range of network types and applications, and helps future-proof networks against technological advances. Though installation costs are higher, fiber networks may end up being cheaper than equivalent copper networks when all factors are considered.

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    Fiber Optic Networks

    Where Fiber is Used

    History

    First fiber optic network installed in Chicago in 1976 (Link Ch 3k) Now more than 90% of long-distance voice links use fiber optics CATV is sent over fiber optics using an analog transmission
    Soon it will convert to digital compressed video

    The Internet backbone is also fiber

    Where New Fiber is Going

    The Last Mile


    Fiber to the home Fiber to the Curb Fiber to the office Fiber to the telephone Fiber to the desktop

    Economics of Fiber

    Telephony

    A single strand of fiber can carry more traffic than thousands of copper pairs
    Fiber saves in materials costs, installation, splicing labor and reliability, and uses less space in the conduits

    Fiber is the clear choice for high traffic and long distance links

    FTTC and FTTH


    Fiber To The Curb and Fiber To The Home


    Not cost-efficient yet, but will become needed as customers demand more bandwidth

    SONET

    Synchronous Optical Network


    A standard to enable telecommunications networks to interoperate The international equivalent to SONET is SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) Now that data traffic surpasses voice traffic, SONET is threatened by IP (Internet Protocol) and VoIP (Voice over IP)

    Fiber To The Premises (FTTP)

    Telcos are deploying FTTP


    Verizon spent $1 billion in 2005 to deploy FTTP to 3 million homes and businesses in 16 states It plans to continue spending $1 to $2 billion per year on FTTP until 2010

    AT&T is spending $6 billion on FTTN (Fiber To The Neighborhood or Fiber To The Node) to be completed in 2008 (links Ch 3d, 3e)

    CATV (Cable television)

    CATV often converts from copper to fiber by overbuilding existing metal cable
    Attaching fiber to existing hanging cables, or Pulling fiber through existing underground ducts

    LANs (Local Area Networks)

    Most computer networks use UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair) copper cables


    UTP has a maximum length of 100 meters, and a maximum speed of 1 Gbps Fiber is not popular to the desktop because the electronics cost more Fiber is popular on network backbones

    Ethernet

    Ethernet is the most popular LAN standard


    Runs at 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, or 10Gbps Can run over copper or fiber 10 Gbps is new and slowly gaining acceptance, and may replace Fibre Channel for server clusters (link Ch 3f)

    Media Converters

    Convert UTP Ethernet to Fiber Optics


    Allows an Ethernet network to be greatly extended, mixing fiber and copper on the LAN

    Image from link Ch 3g (versitron.com)

    Media Converters

    This is a 1 Gbps media converter

    Specifications for the 1 Gbps Converter

    Note error on last line 500 km is impossible for multimode

    Older LAN Standards

    All these obsolete LAN standards could run over either copper or fiber
    ARCnet WangNet DECnet Token Ring

    Older Fiber LAN Standards

    These obsolete LAN standards were designed for fiber


    Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

    Replaced by Ethernet

    Enterprise System Connection Architecture (ESCON)

    Replaced by Fibre Channel

    Fibre Channel

    Fibre Channel is used for server clusters and storage area networks

    Specialized Networks

    IEEE 1394 and TOSLINK


    Used for consumer electronics over copper or plastic optical fiber

    MOST (Media Oriented System Transport)


    Automotive multimedia connecting media devices within the car

    Flexray
    Automotive network for safety devices like airbags

    Other Applications of Fiber Optics


    Surveillance and news cameras Security devices like card readers Electric utilities control the grid with fiber optics, to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI)

    Fiber v. Copper

    Copper cables must be 100 meters or less That means you need a powered telecom closet on each floor Fiber only needs one telecom closet per building

    Cost of Fiber v. Copper

    Copper components are cheaper, but you need more total equipment and it uses more space If you include everything, fiber may even be cheaper than copper

    Future-Proofing the Installation


    Plan for growth Install extra fibers


    Most people still use 62.5/125 multimode

    50/125 multimode runs faster and will make future expansion of bandwidth possible Except specialty dispersion-shifted or dispersion-flattened which are not recommended for general use

    Singlemode fiber is all the same

    Termination

    Termination is attaching connectors to the end of the fiber strands Fiber cannot be used until it is terminated Termination is the largest labor cost for fiber
    Install extra strands, but dont terminate them till you need them

    The Future of Fiber

    Fiber offers the most bandwidth, which will be increasingly needed by:
    Voice over IP Video conferencing Video and high-speed gaming over the Internet

    Korean Internet users have 20 Mbps connections, and are currently installing 100 Mbps FTTH (see links Ch 2m, 2n, 2o)

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