University of Dar es Salaam

EMERGING TECHNOLOGY AND FUTURE TRENDS

GROUP PRESENTATION
GROUP 8

S/N NAME REGISTRATION NO

1. KIMARIO, PANKRAS WILLIAM 2023-04-04642

2. KIMWAGA, BRIAN RICHARD 2023-04-04709
3. LAURIAN, BENEDICTOR K. 2023-04-05294
4. KIBONA, MARTHA ALIKO 2023-04-04414
5. KIMARO, CALVIN E 2023-04-04664
6. JUMA, JAZILA ALLY 2022-04-03189
7. KILASI, EMMANUEL ABDALLAH 2023-04-04550
8. MAHESHA, ISMAIL ABAS 2022-04-05735
9. MAHAMOUD, ZUHURA KARIM 2022-04-05699
10. KIMANYA, ENOS MARTIN 2023-04-04629

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INTRODUCTION

Virtualization and cloud computing are transforming the way we use and
manage technology. These concepts enable the efficient utilization of
hardwares and software resources leading to cost savings increased
flexibility and enhanced scalability for business and individuals.

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VIRTUALIZATION
DEFINITION
Is the process of creating a virtual version of a physical device such as server, storage devices, or network resource.
It allows for efficient utilization of hardware by abstracting the underlying physical components.
So you can imagine creating multiple computer within within a single computer this is the core idea behind
virtualization.
TERMINOLOGIES USED IN VIRTUALIZATION
• Virtual Machines (VMs): These are the virtual computers created by the hypervisor. Each VM acts like a separate,
isolated machine with its own operating system, applications, and data
• Hypervisor: This is the software that sits between the physical hardware and the virtual machines (VMs). It acts like a
conductor, managing how resources are allocated to each VM.
• There are two main types:
• Type 1 hypervisor: Installed directly on the bare-metal server (without an underlying operating system).
• Type 2 hypervisor: Runs on top of an existing operating system.

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TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION
There are several types of virtualization includes;
 Server virtualization
 Desktop virtualization
 Application virtualization
 Storage virtualization
 Network virtualization

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SERVER
VIRTUALIZATION
Server virtualization is a technology that allows you to create multiple virtual servers on a single physical server.
Imagine carving up a powerful computer into several smaller, independent computers – that's the essence of server
virtualization. Here's a breakdown
The Key Player: The Hypervisor
This software sits between the physical hardware and the virtual machines (VMs). It acts like a conductor in an
orchestra, allocating resources like CPU, memory, and storage to each VM based on its needs. There are two main
types of hypervisors:
• Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-metal): Installed directly on the server hardware, offering the highest performance
for demanding tasks. (e.g., VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V)
• Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted): Runs on top of an existing operating system, providing an easier setup but
potentially lower performance. (e.g., VirtualBox, VMware Workstation)

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Benefits of Server Virtualization
• Increased Efficiency: By running multiple VMs on a single server, you can consolidate
your hardware, reducing costs and energy consumption.
• Improved Scalability: Easily add or remove VMs as needed. Need to run a new
application? Just spin up a new VM. Need to shut down a seasonal service? Simply
power down the VM.
• Enhanced Flexibility: VMs are portable and can be easily migrated between different
physical servers. This allows for better disaster recovery and easier maintenance.
• Improved Disaster Recovery: VMs can be easily backed up and restored. If a physical
server fails, you can quickly restore the VM to another server with minimal downtime.

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Examples and Applications
Server virtualization has a wide range of applications across various industries:
• Consolidation: Businesses can consolidate multiple low-utilization servers onto a single server with VMs,
saving space, energy, and money.
• Development and Testing: Developers can create isolated testing environments with specific
configurations by using VMs.
• Web Hosting: Web hosting providers can use VMs to host multiple websites on a single server, offering
cost-effective hosting solutions.
• High Availability: By having redundant VMs on separate servers, businesses can ensure minimal
downtime in case of hardware failure.
In Conclusion
Server virtualization is a powerful technology that has revolutionized how we utilize computing resources. By
creating a virtualized environment, businesses can achieve greater efficiency, scalability, and flexibility in their IT
infrastructure.

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DESKTOP VERSUALIZATION
this means that accessing a desktop any where.
Desktop virtualization lets you ditch the physical desktop and access your entire work environment from any device
with a network connection. Imagine carrying your work computer in your pocket – that's the power of this
technology!
There are two main ways to achieve desktop virtualization:
• Remote Desktop Services (RDS): This Microsoft technology allows multiple users to connect to a central server
with a multi-user operating system. Each user gets a dedicated session on the server, experiencing a virtual
desktop with their own applications and data.
• Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI): This approach uses a hypervisor, similar to server virtualization. It
creates individual virtual machines (VMs) for each user. Each VM acts as a separate desktop with its own
operating system, applications, and data

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Benefits of Desktop Virtualization
• Enhanced Security: Data and applications reside on a central server, making them easier to secure and
manage centrally by IT.
• Improved Manageability: Updates and software installations become a breeze, deployed centrally on the
server, saving IT time and resources.
• Increased Device Flexibility: Access your virtual desktop from any device – laptop, tablet, even a thin
client (a basic computer designed for remote desktop access).
• Reduced Hardware Costs: Organizations can potentially ditch high-end desktops for individual users as
virtual desktops run on centralized servers.
• Disaster Recovery: Since desktops are virtual, backups and disaster recovery become more efficient

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Examples and Applications
Desktop virtualization shines in several scenarios:
• Remote Work: Employees can securely access their work desktops from anywhere with an internet
connection, fostering a flexible work environment.
• Call Centers: Virtual desktops provide a consistent and secure work environment for agents, regardless of
location.
• Educational Institutions: They offer a standardized learning environment for students, simplifying
software and configuration management.
• Seasonal or Temporary Workers: Organizations can easily provision virtual desktops without additional
physical machines.
Desktop virtualization offers significant security, manageability, and user flexibility benefits. However, it
requires a strong network infrastructure and can be resource-intensive. Carefully evaluate your organization's
needs and resources before implementing it

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APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION
Application virtualization allows you to run software applications on a user's device without directly installing
them on the underlying operating system. Imagine carrying a portable app store that works on any machine –
that's the essence of application virtualization.
Application virtualization software creates a virtualized application package that contains everything an
application needs to run, including its own configuration files and libraries. Here's how it works
• Packaging the App: The application and its dependencies are packaged into a virtual application (vApp).
This vApp acts as a self-contained unit
• Delivery & Execution: The vApp is delivered to the user's device and runs in a virtualized environment.
This environment provides isolation from the user's device's operating system and other applications

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Benefits of Application Virtualization
•Simplified Deployment & Management: IT admins can easily deploy and update applications centrally,
eliminating the need for individual installations on each user's device.
•Improved Compatibility: Virtualized applications can run on a wider range of devices and operating systems
due to their isolation from the underlying system.
•Enhanced Security: Applications run in a sandboxed environment, reducing the risk of malware or software
conflicts affecting the user's device.
•Faster Startup Times: Virtualized applications can launch faster compared to traditional installations as they
don't need to be loaded onto the system each time.
•Reduced Disk Space Usage: Since applications are not directly installed, they don't take up permanent space on
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Examples and Applications
Application virtualization finds use in various situations:
• Remote Workforces: Organizations can ensure employees have access to the latest versions of applications
regardless of their location.
• Legacy Applications: Run older applications on newer operating systems without compatibility issues.
• Testing & Development: Create isolated testing environments for developers to test applications without
affecting the main system.
• Limited-Access Devices: Provide access to specific applications on devices with restricted installation rights,
like kiosks or managed devices
Application virtualization offers advantages in deployment, compatibility, and security. However, it might not be
suitable for all applications, especially those that require deep integration with the underlying system.
Additionally, a reliance on a central server for application delivery is required.

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STORAGE VIRTUALIZATION

Storage virtualization abstracts the physical storage devices (hard drives, solid-state drives) in your system,
presenting them as a single pool of logical storage. Imagine having multiple storage devices working together as
one giant drive – that's the core idea behind storage virtualization.
Similar to server virtualization, storage virtualization relies on software called a storage hypervisor. This software
acts as a conductor, managing how data is stored, retrieved, and accessed across the various physical storage
devices.

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Benefits of Storage Virtualization:
• Increased Efficiency: By pooling storage resources, you can utilize available space more effectively,
eliminating storage silos and wasted capacity.

• Improved Scalability: Easily expand your storage capacity by adding new physical devices to the pool.
No need to reconfigure applications or servers.

• Enhanced Flexibility: Storage resources can be dynamically allocated to different servers or applications
based on their needs, providing greater control and flexibility.

• Improved Disaster Recovery: Data replication and backup become easier when storage is virtualized,
allowing for faster recovery in case of hardware failure.

• Simplified Management: Storage virtualization centralizes storage management, simplifying

provisioning, monitoring, and maintenance tasks.
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Types of Storage Virtualization:
There are two main approaches to storage virtualization:
• Storage Area Network (SAN): A dedicated high-speed network specifically designed to connect storage
devices to servers. SANs offer high performance and scalability for mission-critical applications.
• Network Attached Storage (NAS): A file-level storage solution that connects to the network as a
standalone device. NAS offers a more cost-effective option for general file sharing and applications.
Storage virtualization offers significant benefits in efficiency, scalability, and management. However, it requires
additional hardware and software investments compared to traditional storage solutions. Consider your storage
needs, budget, and future growth plans when making a decision.

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Examples and Applications
Storage virtualization has a wide range of applications across various industries:
• Data Centers: Virtualization helps data centers consolidate storage resources and optimize their utilization
for virtualized servers and cloud environments.
• Virtual Desktops: Provides centralized storage for user data and applications used in virtual desktops.
• Media & Entertainment: Stores large video and audio files efficiently and enables faster access for
editing and distribution.
• Backup and Archival: Simplifies data backup and archival processes by managing storage resources
centrally.
In Conclusion
Storage virtualization transforms how you manage and utilize your storage resources. By creating a virtualized
pool of storage, organizations can achieve greater efficiency, scalability, and flexibility in their IT infrastructure.

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NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION
Creating a virtual network, independent of the underlying physical network.
Imagine a network that can be dynamically shaped and reshaped based on your needs, independent of the physical
hardware. That's the essence of network virtualization. It decouples the logical network from the underlying
physical infrastructure, allowing for greater flexibility, efficiency, and control.
Network virtualization works by creating a virtual overlay network on top of the existing physical network
infrastructure. Here are the key players:
• Network virtualization software: This software manages the creation and configuration of virtual networks. It
acts like a conductor, allocating resources and ensuring smooth communication between virtual machines (VMs)
and applications.
• Virtual Switches: These are software-based switches that operate within the virtual network, directing data
traffic between VMs. They provide similar functionality to physical network switches but offer greater flexibility.

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Types of Network Virtualization
There are two main types of network virtualization:
• VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks): Logically segment a physical network into smaller
broadcast domains, improving security and network performance.
• VXLAN (Virtual Extensible Local Area Network): Enables creation of overlay networks
that can span across different physical networks, often used in cloud environments.

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Benefits of Network Virtualization
• Increased Efficiency: Virtual networks can be optimized for specific workloads, leading to
better resource utilization and reduced network congestion.
• Improved Scalability: Easily add or remove virtual network resources as needed to support
changing business requirements. No rewiring or hardware upgrades required.
• Enhanced Flexibility: Virtual networks can be easily provisioned and migrated between
different physical network devices, providing greater control and agility.
• Improved Security: Virtual networks can be isolated from each other, enhancing security and
reducing the risk of unauthorized access.
• Simplified Management: Network virtualization centralizes network management, making it
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Examples and Applications:
Network virtualization finds applications in various scenarios:
• Data Centers: Virtualizes the network to support multiple virtualized servers and cloud
deployments, enabling dynamic resource allocation and isolation.
• Branch Offices: Simplifies network management in branch offices by centrally managing
virtual networks.
• Security: Creates isolated virtual networks for different departments or applications,
enhancing security segmentation.
• Disaster Recovery: Enables rapid failover to a secondary network in case of a primary
network outage.

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TOOLS USED IN VIRTUALIZATION
In summary tools used in virtualization is categorizred as follows
Hardware:
• Physical Servers: These are the underlying physical machines that host the virtual machines (VMs).
Virtualization software allows you to run multiple VMs on a single server, maximizing resource utilization.
• Storage Devices: Physical storage devices like hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs) store the
data used by the VMs. Storage virtualization software can pool these resources and present them as a single
logical storage unit.
• Network Infrastructure: The physical network infrastructure, including switches, routers, and cables,
connects the physical servers and provides network connectivity for the VMs. Network virtualization software
creates virtual networks on top of this physical infrastructure.

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Software:
• Hypervisor: This is the core software that enables virtualization. It sits between the physical hardware and the VMs,
managing resource allocation (CPU, memory, storage) and ensuring smooth operation of the VMs. There are two
main types:
• Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-metal): Installed directly on the server hardware, offering the highest performance
for demanding tasks. (e.g., VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V)
• Type 2 Hypervisor (Hosted): Runs on top of an existing operating system, providing an easier setup but
potentially lower performance. (e.g., VirtualBox, VMware Workstation)
• Virtual Machine Management Tools: These tools allow you to create, configure, and manage VMs. They provide
functionalities like VM provisioning, resource allocation, migration, and monitoring. (e.g., VMware vCenter Server,
Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager)
• Storage Virtualization Software: This software manages the storage resources presented by physical storage
devices, creating a virtualized storage pool. It enables features like data replication, backup, and provisioning for
VMs. (e.g., VMware vSAN, Microsoft Storage Spaces Direct)
• Network Virtualization Software: This software creates virtual networks on top of the physical network
infrastructure. It provides functionalities like network segmentation, traffic shaping, and resource allocation for
VMs. (e.g., VMware NSX, Cisco ACI)
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CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing refers to the on-demand and daily availability of different computer system
resources, especially data storage(cloud storage), computing services as well as computing
power(mostly known as computer performance) over the internet without direct active
management by the user on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Rather than managing files and services on a local device, one can do the same thing over the
internet in a cost efficient manner.

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Models of cloud computing.

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Deployment Model
This model concentrates on managing services that automates the delivery of different
applications to a series of targeted environments in a defined promotion sequence.
The model describes the location of the infrastructure for any of the targeted environments.
The model is categorized into;
• Private cloud
• Public cloud
• Hybrid cloud

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Public cloud
This is the one in which the cloud infrastructure is available to the public over the
internet.
They are owned by the cloud service providers.
This cloud deployment model supports all users who want and intended to make use
of a computing resource, such as hardware(OS, CPU, memory, storage) or
software(application server, database) on a subscription basis.
The most common uses of public clouds are for application development and testing,
non-mission-critical tasks such as file-sharing and e-mail services.

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Private cloud
This is the deployment model type in which the cloud is operated by a single group,
community or organization and is managed by that group, organization or even a third
party to support various user groups.
It can also be managed by a service provider that takes care of it either on-site of off-
site.
These clouds are more expensive than public clouds due to capital expenditure
involved in acquiring and maintaining them.
The private clouds are very significant since they are much better able to address the
security and privacy concerns of organizations today.

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Hybrid cloud
This is the deployment model type which makes the use of interconnected private and
public cloud infrastructure.
Many organizations make the use of such cloud infrastructure when they need to scale
up their infrastructure rapidly, such as when leveraging public clouds to supplement the
capacity available withina private cloud.
Example; if an online retailer needs more computing services to run its Web
applications during the holiday season it may attain those resources.

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SERVICE MODEL

A cloud service model refers to the way cloud computing services are delivered to
users. These models define the level of control users have over the underlying
infrastructure, platform, and software. There are three main cloud service models:
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)

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Infrastructure as a service
Imagine it as renting the building blocks of a computer system.
What it provides: Virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and networking.
Control level: Highest level of control. Users manage the operating system, applications, and
data on the VMs they create.
Benefits: Offers maximum flexibility and control over your infrastructure, allowing you to
scale resources up or down as needed and pay only for what you use.
Examples: Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines, Google Compute Engine
Suitable for: Organizations that require a high degree of control over their infrastructure and
the flexibility to manage their own virtual machines.

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Imagine it as a pre-built development environment ready for you to use.
What it provides: A platform for developing, deploying, and managing applications. This
includes the operating system, development tools, databases, and middleware.
Control level: Medium level of control. Users manage their applications and data, but the
underlying platform is managed by the cloud provider.
Benefits: Enables faster application development by providing a pre-built platform, simplifies
management, and offers scalability for applications.
Examples: Amazon Web Services Elastic Beanstalk, Microsoft Azure App Service, Google
Cloud Platform App Engine
Suitable for: Organizations that want to focus on developing and deploying applications
without managing the underlying infrastructure.
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
Imagine it as subscribing to software online, like webmail or productivity suites.
What it provides: Ready-made software applications accessed over the internet. Users
access and use the application without managing the underlying infrastructure or platform.
Control level: Lowest level of control. Users have limited control over the application
itself, but can typically configure settings within the application.
Benefits: Offers ease of use with no installation or maintenance required, automatic
scalability, and cost-effectiveness with a pay-as-you-go model.
Examples: Salesforce, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Dropbox
Suitable for: Organizations that need access to readily available software applications
without managing the infrastructure or platform.

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Choosing the Right Model
The best cloud service model depends on your specific needs and priorities. Here are some factors
to consider:
• Level of control required: Do you need granular control over your infrastructure (IaaS), or are
you comfortable with a pre-built platform (PaaS) or a web-based application (SaaS)?
• Application needs: What type of applications do you need to run? Some cloud providers
specialize in specific types of applications.
• Scalability requirements: Do you need your resources to scale up or down quickly?
• Security and compliance: Ensure the cloud provider offers robust security measures and meets
any regulatory compliance requirements.
• Budget: Consider the cost of each model and choose the one that best fits your budget.

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THANK YOU

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