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    Getting Food To Cells

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    Justin Solano
    The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients and water. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The small intestine is where most absorption occurs through the mucous membrane into blood or lymph.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Getting Food To Cells

    Uploaded by

    Justin Solano
    27 views24 pages
    The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients and water. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The small intestine is where most absorption occurs through the mucous membrane into blood or lymph.

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    getting-food-to-cells

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    The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients and water. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The small intestine is where most absorption occurs through the mucous membrane into blood or lymph.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    27 views24 pages

    Getting Food To Cells

    Uploaded by

    Justin Solano
    The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients and water. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The small intestine is where most absorption occurs through the mucous membrane into blood or lymph.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    NUTRITION:

    GETTING FOOD
    TO CELLS
    GROUP 2
    THE
    DIGESTIVE
    SYSTEM
    DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
    Mouth - In the mouth, the tongue and
    differently shaped teeth work together to
    break down food mechanically.

    Esophagus - After swallowing, food is


    directed into the esophagus.

    Stomach - An organ with strong muscular


    walls, the stomach holds the food and
    mixes it with acid and enzymes that
    continue to break the food down into a
    liquid or paste.
    DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
    Small intestine - has three parts: the
    duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It helps to
    further digest food coming from the
    stomach.

    Large intestine - absorbs water and


    changes the waste from liquid into stool.
    Peristalsis helps move the stool into your
    rectum.

    Rectum - The lower end of your large


    intestine, the rectum, stores stool until it
    pushes stool out of your anus during a
    bowel movement.
    How does the digesive system works?
    INGESTION - is the process of taking in food through the mouth. In
    vertebrates, the teeth, saliva, and tongue play important roles in
    mastication (preparing the food into bolus). While the food is being
    mechanically broken down, the enzymes in saliva begin to chemically
    process the food as well.

    DIGESTION - Digestion of food involves either intracellular digestion or


    extracellular digestion or both processes. Digestion can either be
    mechanical or chemical.
    How does the digesive system works?
    ABSORPTION - is the process by which the products of digestion are
    absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body. During
    absorption, the digested products are transported into the blood or
    lymph through the mucous membrane.

    EXCRETION - is the removal of metabolic wastes, which include carbon


    dioxide and water from cell respiration and nitrogenous wastes from
    protein metabolism.
    TYPES OF DIGESTION

    MECHANICAL DIGESTION - involves physically breaking down


    food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo
    chemical digestion.

    CHEMICAL DIGESTION - is to further degrade the molecular


    structure of the ingested compounds by digestive enzymes into a
    form that is absorbable into the bloodstream
    THE
    DIGESTIVE
    SYSTEM OF
    VERTIBRATES
    MONOGRASTIC
    Have a single stomach that secretes enzymes to break down food into
    smaller particles; additional gastric juices are produced by the liver,
    salivary glands, and pancreas to assist with the digestion of food.

    EXAMPLE:
    Pigs, horses, rabbits, dogs
    and cats
    AVIAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
    Has a mouth (break), crop (for food storage) and gizzard (for breakdown),
    as well as a two-chambered stomach consisting of the proventriculus,
    which releases enzymes, and the true stomach, which finishes the
    breakdown.

    EXAMPLE:
    Poultry
    RUMINANTS
    Ruminant stomachs have four compartments: the rumen, the reticulum,
    the omasum and the abomasum.

    EXAMPLE:
    Cow, cattle, sheep, goats,
    llamas, alpacas, and white-
    tailed deer.
    PSEUDO - RUMINANTS
    Are similar to ruminants but have a three- chambered stomach; the
    symbiotic bacteria that help them to break down cellulose is found in the
    cecum, a chamber close to the large
    intestine.

    EXAMPLE:
    Horses, hippopotamus, and
    guinea pigs.
    THE DIGESTIVE
    SYSTEM OF
    INVERTIBRATES
    INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
    Intracellular digestion is a form of digestion which takes place within
    the cytoplasm of the organism. Intracellular digestion takes place in
    animals without a digestive tract, in which food items are brought into the
    cell for digestion.

    EXAMPLE:
    sea anemones, coral,
    jellyfish, flatworms, and
    comb jellies.
    EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
    Extracellular digestion is a process in which animals feed by
    secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food. The
    enzymes break the food into molecules small enough to be taken pass
    through the cell membrane into the cell.

    EXAMPLE:

    Human, and fungi


    HOW DOES
    NUTRIENTS
    FROM FOOD
    GOES INTO
    CELLS?
    ENDOCYTOSIS

    Endocytosis is a cellular process in which


    substances are brought into the cell. The material
    to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell
    membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to
    form a vesicle containing the ingested material.
    Endocytosis includes pinocytosis and
    phagocytosis.
    THANK YOU
    1. Where does absorption happens?

    a. Mouth c. Large intestine

    b. Small intestine d. Anus


    2. What is the importance of
    esophagus in the digestive system ?

    a. Esophagus is the lower part of the large intestine.


    b. Esophagus is the cellular process in which substances are
    brought into the cells.
    c. Esophagus is the one who pushes the food to the stomach to
    further digest it.
    d. None of the above
    3. What are the four compartments of
    ruminant digestive system?

    a. Rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum


    b. Cellulose, cecum, large intestine, and reticulum
    c. Omasum, rumen, reticulum, and cecum
    d. Esophagus, anus, stomach, and mouth
    4. What are the two kinds of
    digestion of invertebrates?

    a. Ingestion and digestion c. Endocytosis and exocytosis

    b. Pig and cat d. Intracellular and extracellular


    5.What is endocytosis?
    a. It is the process of mechanically breaking down the
    food into smaller pieces
    b. It is the process where the stomach secretes acid
    and enzymes
    c. It is a form of digestion which takes place with the
    cytoplasm of organism
    d. It is the cellular process in which substances are
    brought into the cell.

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